El Apple lisa Kwamfutar sirri ce ta juyin juya hali da aka tsara a Apple Computer a farkon shekarun 1980
An fara aikin Lisa a kamfanin Apple a 1978 kuma a hankali ya sami ci gaba don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar komputa tare da mai amfani da hoto (GUI). Kwamfutar Lisa za a tura ta ne ga abokan kasuwancin. A wajajen 1982, saboda rashin jituwa da John Couch wanda shine manajan aikin, Steve Jobs ya tilasta barin aikin Lisa, don haka ya shiga aikin Macintosh. Akasin sauran gaskatawa, Macintosh ba zuriyar Lisa ba ce kai tsaye, kodayake akwai kamanceceniya tsakanin tsarin, kuma sakewa ta ƙarshe, Lisa 2/10, an gyaggyara ta kuma sayar a matsayin Macintosh XL.
Ilimin Zamani
Yayin da takaddun da aka tattara tare da Lisa na asali kawai ake magana a kanta kamar Lisa (The Lisa), a hukumance, Apple ya nuna cewa sunan shi ne gajerun kalmomin Lamo Ifarantin Ssani Architecture (Gine-ginen Tsarin Kayan Gida na Gida).
Tunda 'yar fari ta Steve Jobs, wacce aka haifa a shekarar 1978, aka sanya mata suna Lisa Jobs, yawanci hakan yakan biyo baya ne cewa sunan kuma yana da alaƙa ta sirri kuma wataƙila daga baya ne aka ƙirƙiri gajeren sunan don dacewa da sunan.
Hardware
An bayyana Lisa a watan Janairun 1983 (wanda aka sanar a ranar 19 ga Janairu) a kan $ 9.995. Ita ce kwamfutar sirri ta kasuwanci ta farko da ta sami GUI da linzamin kwamfuta (bayan Xerox Star). Ya yi amfani da Motorola 68000 CPU tare da saurin agogo 5 MHz kuma yana da 1 MB na RAM. Lisa ta farko tana da injuna floppy masu inci 5,25 inci (wanda ake wa laƙabi da "Twiggy" drive). Suna da damar kusan kilogram 871, amma suna buƙatar diskettes na musamman. Waɗannan rundinonin suna da suna don ba za a iya dogaro da su ba, don haka Apple Macintosh, wanda aka tsara shi da farko don amfani da "Twiggy" mai sauƙi, an gyara shi don amfani da Sony 400k microfloppy drive a cikin Janairu 1984. Akwai wadatar waje ta zama zaɓi. rumbun kwamfutarka, asali tsara don Apple III. Misali na baya, Lisa 2, ya yi amfani da tiyata mai ƙarancin inci 3,5 kuma, a zaɓi, 5-MB na ciki ko 10-MB rumbun kwamfutoci. A cikin 1984 a daidai lokacin da aka bayyana Macintosh a hukumance, Apple ya sanar da cewa suna samar da kyautayuwa kyauta zuwa 5MB rumbun kwamfutoci ga duk masu Lisa 1.
software
Lisa ta ba da tsarin aiki mai tarin yawa na hadin gwiwa, ba fifiko (wanda bai dace da iko ba). Hakanan ya miƙa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta kama-da-wane. Waɗannan fasalulluka guda biyu sun kasance masu ci gaba ƙwarai don microcomputer a lokacin. Amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da ɗan gajeren tsarin faifai, a wasu lokuta, ya sa tsarin ya zama mara aiki. Lisa kuma ta tsara fayilolin ta zuwa cikin kundin adireshi na tsari, yin amfani da manyan faya-fayen diski a aikace. Macintosh shima ya karɓi wannan tsarin ƙungiyar faifai don tsarin fayil ɗin HFS. A fahimta, Lisa ta yi kama da Xerox Star ta yadda aka tsara ta a matsayin tsarin komputa na ofis, saboda haka, Lisa tana da manyan hanyoyin amfani guda biyu: Tsarin Ofishin Lisa (Lisa's Office System) da kuma Workshop (Workshop). Da Tsarin Ofishin Lisa Yanayin GUI ne don masu amfani na ƙarshe. Taron bita yanayi ne na ci gaban shiri kuma kusan ana amfani dashi da rubutu, kodayake yayi amfani da editan rubutu na GUI. Da Tsarin Ofishin Lisa daga ƙarshe aka sake masa suna "7/7", dangane da shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen guda bakwai da aka bayar.
Rashin nasarar Apple Lisa
Apple Lisa ya zama kasuwancin kasuwanci ga Apple, mafi girma tun bayan bala'in Apple III na 1980. Kasuwancin (ƙididdigar) abokan cinikin da Lisa ke da niyyar tsayayya da farashin komputa da yawa kuma sun zaɓi aiki da IBM mai arha Kwamfutoci masu kwakwalwa, waɗanda tuni sun fara mamaye kasuwar sarrafa lissafin tebur a cikin kasuwanci. Babban abokin cinikin Lisa shine NASA, wanda yayi amfani da LisaProject don gudanar da aikin kuma ya shiga cikin babbar matsala lokacin da aka dakatar da Lisa. Lisa kuma ana ganin ta ɗan ɗan jinkiri duk da ingantaccen tsarin ta. Theusa a cikin akwatin ga Lisa shi ne ƙaddamar da Macintosh a cikin 1984, wanda ya taimaka wajen ɓata sunan Lisa tunda Macintosh ɗin ma yana da GUI da linzamin kwamfuta amma ya fi ƙasa da tsada. Lisa, kamar yawancin samfuran, an azabtar da ita saboda kasancewa a gaban lokacinta. Kafin a dakatar da layin Lisa a watan Agusta 1986, an fitar da samfuran karshe biyu, Lisa 2 da abin da ake kira Macintosh XL.
A lokacin da ake ɗaukar kilobytes 96 na RAM a matsayin ɓarna, yawancin farashi mai yawa na Lisa sabili da haka rashin cinikinsa ana iya danganta shi da adadin RAM ɗin da tsarin ya zo da shi. Ka tuna cewa 1 MB na RAM, to, ya kashe kusan dala 5.000, rabin abin da Lisa ta kashe (dala 10.000). Yawancin kwamfutoci na sirri kawai sun fara bayyana tare da RAM mai girman megabyte ɗaya a farkon 1990s.
Mahimmancin tarihi
Kodayake ta kasance gazawar kasuwanci a lokacinta, ana ganin Lisa a matsayin sanannen nasara. Kodayake yana da tsada da iyakantacce ga tebura daban-daban, akwai lokacin da kamar kusan dukkanin ƙungiyoyi masu matsakaitan ra'ayi suna da, a cikin kowane babban ofishi, ɗaya ko biyu sun raba Lisas. Aikin Lisa ba shi da kyau kuma software ɗin ta ɗan iyakance, duk da haka, abin da ya yi, ya yi kyau sosai. Amfani da software na Lisa da Apple dot matrix printer kuna iya rubuta wasu ƙwararrun takaddun ƙwararru idan aka kwatanta da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su a lokacin. Wannan fa'idar ta jagoranci Lisa zuwa manyan ofisoshin da yawa, kodayake farashin ya iyakance adadin Lisas da za'a saya. Tunda yawan mutanen da suka yi amfani da Lisa sun fi na Lisas da aka sayar yawa, wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da Macintosh mai ƙarancin farashi ya zo, akwai wasu sanannun gungun mutane waɗanda tuni sun gamsu da fa'idar inji kamar Lisa
Karshen Lisa
A cikin 1987, Sun Remarketing ya sayi kusan Macintosh XL 5.000 kuma ya inganta su. Har yanzu akwai wasu ragowar kwastomomin Lisa da kayan gyara.
A cikin 1989, Apple ya binne kimanin Lisas 2.700 da ba a sayar ba a cikin wani shara a UTAH kuma ya sami cire haraji a kan ƙasar da suka yi haya don shi.
Kamar sauran kwamfutocin GUI na farko, Lisas, waɗanda har yanzu ana amfani da su, yanzu suna da ƙima kamar tarin kuɗi, wanda mutane zasu biya ɗaruruwan daloli.
