El U-Apple uLisa Yayiyikhompyuter eguqukayo eyilelwe kwiKhompyuter ye-Apple ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980
Iprojekthi kaLisa yaqalwa eApple ngo-1978 kwaye yacotha kancinci ukuyila ikhompyuter eyomeleleyo kunye nomzobo womsebenzisi (i-GUI). Ikhompyuter kaLisa yayijolise kubathengi beshishini. Malunga no-1982, ngenxa yokungavisisani noJohn Couch owayengumphathi weprojekthi, uSteve Jobs wanyanzelwa ukuba ayishiye iprojekthi kaLisa, ke ngoko wajoyina iprojekthi yeMacintosh. Ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, iMacintosh ayisiyoinzala ngqo kaLisa, nangona kukho ukufana okucacileyo phakathi kweenkqubo, kunye nohlaziyo lokugqibela, uLisa 2/10, waguqulwa wathengiswa njengeMacintosh XL.
Unyango
Ngelixa amaxwebhu apakishwe noLisa wokuqala wayebhekisa kuye njenge ULisa (ULisa), ngokusesikweni uApple ubonakalisile ukuba igama yayisisichazi Lyendawo Iidibeneyo SQaphela Auyilo loyilo (uyilo oluhlanganisiweyo lwasoftware).
Ukusukela ukuba intombi yokuqala kaSteve Jobs, eyazalwa ngo-1978, kwathiwa nguLisa Jobs, ihlala ilandela ukuba igama lalinomanyano lomntu kwaye mhlawumbi isifinyezo sathi kamva saqulunqelwa ukulunga igama.
isibulali
ULisa watyhilwa ngoJanuwari 1983 (wabhengeza uJanuwari 19) ngexabiso le- $ 9.995. Yayiyikhompyuter yakho yokuqala yokuthengisa ukuba ibe ne-GUI kunye nempuku (emva kweXerox Star). Isebenzise i-Motorola 68000 CPU evalwe kwi-5MHz kwaye ine-1MB ye-RAM. ULisa wokuqala wayeneefloppy drive ezimbini ezi-5,25-intshi (ebizwa ngokuba yi "Twiggy" drive). Babenobunzima obumalunga ne-871 kilobytes, kodwa befuna ii-diskettes ezizodwa. Ezi drive zazidume ngokungathembeki, ke ngoko iApple Macintosh, eyilelwe ukusebenzisa i-Twiggy elula, yahlengahlengiswa ukuze isebenzise i-Sony 400k microfloppy drive ngoJanuwari 1984. Idrive yangaphandle yafumaneka njengenye indlela. , eyayenzelwe iApple III. Imodeli kamva, Lisa 2, kusetyenziswa i-floppy drive eyi-3,5-intshi enye, kwaye, ngokuzikhethela, i-5 okanye i-10 MB yangaphakathi yokuqhuba. Ngo-1984 ngaxeshanye ityhilwe ngokusesikweni iMacintosh, uApple wabhengeza ukuba babonelela ngohlaziyo lwasimahla kwii-5MB zokuqhuba nzima kubo bonke abanini-Lisa.
software
ULisa wanikezela ngenkqubo yokusebenza ngokubambisana kwimisebenzi emininzi, hayi ngokukhethekileyo (oko kwakungalunganga kulawulo). Ikwabonelela ngememori ebonakalayo. Ezi zinto zimbini zazihambele phambili kakhulu kwi-microcomputer ngelo xesha. Ukusetyenziswa kwememori ebonakalayo ngokudibeneyo nenkqubo yediski ecothayo, ngamanye amaxesha, yenza ukuba inkqubo ibonakale ingasebenzi. ULisa ukwacwangcise iifayile zakhe kwimikhombandlela ephezulu, esebenzisa iidiski ezinkulu ezisebenzayo. IMacintosh ikwamkele uyilo lombutho wediski yenkqubo yefayile yeHFS. Ngokwenyani, uLisa wayefana neXerox Star kuba yayijolise kwinkqubo yekhompyuter yeofisi, ngenxa yoko uLisa wayeneendlela ezimbini eziphambili zomsebenzisi: Inkqubo yeLisa yeOfisi (Inkqubo kaLisa yeOfisi) kunye noMasifundisane (iWorkshop). Inkqubo ye- Inkqubo yeLisa yeOfisi Yimeko ye-GUI yabasebenzisi bokugqibela. Iworkshop yayiyinkqubo yophuhliso lwendawo kwaye yayiphantse isekwe kwisicatshulwa, nangona yayisebenzisa umhleli wokubhaliweyo we-GUI. Inkqubo ye- Inkqubo yeLisa yeOfisi Ekugqibeleni yathiywa igama kwathiwa "7/7", ngokubhekisele kwiinkqubo ezisixhenxe zokunikezelwa kwezicelo.
Ukusilela kuka-Apple Lisa
I-Apple Lisa yaba sisilelo kwezorhwebo se-Apple, eyona inkulu ukusukela kwintlekele ye-Apple III ka-1980. Abathengi beshishini (bekhompyuter) uLisa wayejolise ekuchaseni ixabiso eliphezulu lekhompyuter kwaye ikakhulu bakhetha ukusebenza ngee-IBM PC ezingabizi kakhulu. , ezazisele ziqala ukulawula imarike yekhompyuter yedesktop kwishishini. Oyena mthengi mkhulu kaLisa yayinguNASA, eyayisebenzisa uLisaProject kulawulo lweprojekthi kwaye yangena engxakini enkulu xa uLisa wayeka. ULisa ukwabonwa kancinci ukuba uyacotha ngaphandle konxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo. Isikhonkwane ebhokisini likaLisa yayikukuqaliswa kweMacintosh ngo-1984, eyanceda ukujongela phantsi uLisa ekubeni iMacintosh yayine-GUI kunye nempuku kodwa yayingabizi kakhulu. ULisa, njengemveliso ezininzi, waye lixhoba lokuhamba phambili kwexesha lakhe. Ngaphambi kokuba umgca kaLisa unqunyulwe ngo-Agasti 1986, iimodeli ezimbini zokugqibela zakhutshwa, uLisa 2 kunye negama elibizwa ngokuba yiMacintosh XL.
Ngexesha apho i-kilobytes ezingama-96 ze-RAM zazithathwa njengobunkunkqele, ubuninzi bexabiso eliphezulu likaLisa kwaye ke ngenxa yoko ukusilela kwayo kwezorhwebo kunokubalelwa kwinani elipheleleyo le-RAM le nkqubo yeza nayo. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba i-1 MB ye-RAM, ke, ibiza phantse i-5.000 yeedola, isiqingatha sento uLisa axabisa (i-10.000 yeedola). Uninzi lweekhompyuter zakho zaqala ukubonakala nge-RAM enye ye-megabyte-size kwii-1990s zokuqala.
Ukubaluleka kwembali
Nangona wayengaphumeleli kurhwebo ngexesha lakhe, uLisa ubonwa njengempumelelo ebonakalayo. Nangona kubiza kakhulu kwaye kunqunyelwe kwiidesika ezizodwa, bekukho ixesha apho bekubonakala ngathi phantse yonke imibutho enobungakanani obulinganiselweyo yayineeofisi ezimbini ezinkulu, kwiofisi nganye enkulu. Ukusebenza kukaLisa kwakungaphucukanga kwaye isoftware inesithintelo, nangona kunjalo, into eyenzileyo, yenza kakuhle kakhulu. Usebenzisa isoftware kaLisa kunye neprinta ye-matrix ye-Apple ungabhala amanye amaxwebhu ngokugqibezela kobuchwephesha xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezikhoyo ngelo xesha. Le nzuzo ikhokelele uLisa kwiiofisi ezininzi ezinkulu, nangona ixabiso lilinganisele inani leeLisas ezinokuthengwa. Kuba inani labantu ababesebenzise uLisa lalilikhulu kakhulu kunenani leLisas elithengisiweyo, oku kwakuthetha ukuba xa kufika iMacintosh enexabiso eliphantsi, kwakukho iqela labantu elalisele liqinisekile ngaphambili ngezibonelelo zomatshini ofana ULisa
Ukuphela kukaLisa
Ngo-1987, ukuThengiswa kweLanga kwathengisa malunga nama-5.000 XNUMX ama-Macintosh XL kunye nokuphucula. Ezinye iikhompyuter zikaLisa ezishiyekileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezikhoyo zisekhona namhlanje
Ngo-1989, iApple yangcwaba ii-Lisas ezingama-2.700 XNUMX ezingathengiswanga kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma e-UTAH kwaye yafumana irhafu kumhlaba ababeyiqashele.
Njengezinye iikhompyuter zakuqala ze-GUI, ii-Lisas, ezisasebenzayo, ngoku zixabiseke kakhulu njengezinto eziqokelelweyo, apho abantu babenokuhlawula amakhulu eedola.
