Nantsi enye iCawa, siphonononga imbali yeyona nkampani inkulu kunye neyona ilungileyo, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngayo I-Apple II.
Apple II, ikhompyuter ebonakalise okokuqala ukuba uluntu ngokubanzi lunokuba nomdla wokuba nekhompyuter kumakhaya abo kwaye mhlawumbi eyokuqala apho isihloko sekhompyuter yakho sinokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokusekwe kwiprosesa ye-6502 MHz MOS Technology 1 processor (ewe, 1 megahertz) kunye ne-4 KB ye-RAM (enokwandiswa ukuya kuthi ga kuma-48 KB) i-Apple II nayo yayinebhodi yezitshixo eyakhelweyo, iitoliki ezimbini zeBASIC ezakhelwe kuyo. iROM yayo, imveliso enemibala yevidiyo ekwaziyo ukubonisa imigca engama-24 yeekholamu ezingama-40 kwisohlo okanye kumabonakude (kusetyenziswa imodyuli yokuhamba rhoqo yerediyo), isithethi, kwaye sinokudityaniswa kwikhasethi ukurekhoda okanye ukulayisha iinkqubo; bekungayi kude kube ngo-1978 xa i-floppy disk drive izakuvela eza kuvumela isantya esikhulu kunye namandla okugcina.
Kwakunendawo zokubeka ezi-8 zokukhulisa amakhadi ezathi zonke iintlobo zamakhadi zaphuhliswa ezazivumela ukuba zisebenzise ezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza-olunye uqikelelo luthi kwisiqingatha seekhompyuter ezingama-80s ezazisebenzisa i-CP / M yayiyi-Apple II ene-Z80- amakhadi okudibanisa Zonke iintlobo zemida, kubandakanya izixhobo zelebhu, ngokwandiswa kwememori okanye amakhadi evidiyo aneempawu ezingcono kunezo zakhelweyo.
Ngokumangalisayo kukuba isabelo sentengiso sika-Apple ngoku singaphantsi kwe-10%, ngexesha le-80s kunye nenxalenye ye-90s iApple II yayiyimigangatho yemigangatho yemarike yemfundo yase-US, kwaye yayiphumelele kakhulu kubume beshishini ngenxa yeVisicalc, ispredishithi sokuqala kwimbali.
Kwakuyimveliso de kube ngu-Okthobha u-15, 1993, xa yatshintshwa ngokuqinisekileyo yiMacintosh emva kokuba ithengise phakathi kwezigidi ezintlanu ukuya kwezintandathu iiyunithi phakathi kwazo zonke izinto zayo, ngaphandle komntu onesibindi sokuqikelela ukuba zingaphi izigidi zeeklones, ezisemthethweni okanye hayi, zathengiswa.
Uthotho Apple II Iphawule ukuqala kothotho lweemveliso zeApple kwaye yazisa kwimakethi ikhomputha encinci eyilwe nguSteve Wozniak kwaye isekwe kuyilo lwe-8-bit kunye neprosesa ye-MOS 6502 eyayenzelwe ukuba ingene nzulu kwicandelo kwaye ifikelele ngaphaya kwe hobbyists kunye neenjineli ezazithenge iApple I (eyenziwe ngezandla). Ukucinga ngokungeniswa kwekhompyuter emakhayeni, uyilo lwalucingelwa ukuba luya kujongeka njengesixhobo kunokuba sisixhobo se-elektroniki esihamba phambili ukuze singatsali ingqalelo eofisini, kwigumbi lomntwana, kwigumbi lokufundela okanye kwigumbi lokufundela. Ngale migaqo yoyilo, Apple II Yaphunyezwa kwi-chassis yeplastiki ye-beige ekulula ukuyisusa kunye nokuvumela ukufikelela ngaphakathi kumatshini ukuze wandiswe (ukwandisa ubomi bayo obuluncedo kunye nokongeza izibonelelo ezizayo). Ukongeza, ekubeni bekufanele ukuba ibe yikhompyuter yeendawo zonke, kuye kwafuneka inikeze isisombululo esiphakamileyo kunye nemizobo yemibala, isandi, kunye nokubanakho ukwenza inkqubo ngolwimi lweBASIC (ekuqaleni i-Integer BASIC kwaye kamva iApplesoft BASIC).
Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, iiyunithi zokuqala zaqala ukuthengiswa ngoJuni 5, 77 kunye kubandakanya iprosesa ye-6502 1 MHzI-4 KB ye-RAM, i-12 KB ye-ROM kubandakanya ne-Integer BASIC kunye nonxibelelwano lweekhasethi. Umthamo wemizobo usetelwe kwisisombululo sesikrini semigca engama-24 ngeekholamu ezingama-40 zombhalo omkhulu kunye nokukhutshelwa kwevidiyo ye-NTSC ukuze ikwazi ukunxibelelana nomabonwakude okanye ukubek'esweni, nangona bekukho abanye abavelisi abasungule ikhadi lokwandisa elivunyelwe ukubonisa i-80 iikholamu kunye namagama amancinci axhaswayo.
Ngexabiso elivelise i-1.298 yeedola ngelo xesha kuhlobo lwayo lwe-4 KB ye-RAM kunye ne-2.638 yeedola kuhlobo lwe-48 KB ye-RAM, ikhompyuter yafika kwintengiso evumela ukugcina kunye nokufumana zombini iinkqubo kunye nedatha kwikhasethi Iiteyiphu zomsindo, uguquko kumsebenzisi wasekhaya. Ngapha koko, i U-Apple II akazange asebenzise nje iiteyiphu ukugcina idatha ukusukela, kungekudala emva koko, yasungulwa kwimarike idiski yangaphandle yediski (5,25 ″) eyayidibene nenye yeekhompyutha zokwandiswa kwamazibuko kwaye, namhlanje, isilawuli sayo sisajongwa njengebhentshi kwihlabathi loyilo lwe-elektroniki.
Lo mlawuli, owenziwe nguWozniak, usebenzise ikhowudi eyahlukileyo kunaleyo iqhele ukusetyenziswa. I-Woz ikhethe i-GCR (Ukurekhodwa kweKhowudi yeqela) kuba kwakulula ukuyiphumeza (kwaye ke ngexabiso eliphantsi) kune-MFM (Ukulungiswa kweModyuli yokuRhoqo eguqulweyo) kwaye yavula umnyango kubaphuhlisi bokungenisa ukhuseleko kwiinkqubo zabo ngokutshintsha ifomathi yamanqanaba asezantsi kumacandelo ediski okanye ukuhambisa intloko yokuqhuba.
Kodwa yintoni ebaluleke ngokwenene Apple II yiyo uyilo oluvulekileyo U-Wozniak wakhetha kunye nokubandakanywa kweendawo ezandisiweyo eziququzelela ukuphuculwa kwezandiso kunye neepheripheripsi kungekuphela yi-Apple kodwa kunye nezinye iinkampani: abalawuli bezibuko lezibuko, amakhadi evidiyo, amakhadi akhawulezayo, amakhadi esandi, ukuqhuba nzima, imemori khadi yolwandiso okanye amakhadi e-emulator (umzekelo CP / M) kuvunyelwe iApple II iyaqhelana nayo nayiphi na imfuno.
Kodwa iApple II yayingeyiyo inguquko kuphela kwiimpawu zayo okanye kuyilo lwayo, intengiso kunye nentengiso Baye benza into yabo yokuphucula ukuthengiswa kwalo matshini. Isibhengezo sokuqala se-Apple II savela ngoJulayi 1977 kwimagazini ye-Byte kwinqaku elinamaphepha amabini lazisa imveliso kwaye lalandelwa liphepha lesithathu elinefom yoku-odola. Ukusuka apho batsibela ngo-Septemba wonyaka omnye ukuya kwi-Scientific American kwaye, kamva, iintengiso ze-TV ezisibhozo ze-Aplle IIGS imodeli egxile kwizibonelelo zesixhobo ngaphakathi kwimeko yesikolo. Ngo-1981, inkampani yentengiso iChiat-Day yathatha iakhawunti yeApple kwaye umlawuli wayo wobugcisa, uRob Janoff, weza nelogo yeapile yokulunywa, eyayikade iluhlaza yomnquma. Kodwa uSteve Jobs wayefuna ukubonisa ukukwazi ukujonga imibala ye-Apple II kwaye wayefuna ukuba ilogo ibonakale ngemibala yomnyama, umfanekiso ocacileyo owapapashwa kwintengiso nakwincwadana.
Ukusukela ukuqala kwentengiso ye- Apple II, USteve Jobs wajonga kakhulu ukupakishwa kwemveliso kunye nezimvo zabo zasebenza njengesikhokelo sokuyila umboniso we-Apple II, eneneni, eyahlukileyo kakhulu kuleyo isetyenziswayo namhlanje: ibhokisi apho umbala omhlophe ubalasele nalapho ilogo ye-apile elunyiweyo ibonakala, Ngelo xesha ngemibala yomnyama kwaye apho basebenzise i-Motter Tekkura typeface de, kwi-80s, batshintshela kwiApple Garamond.
El Apple II Yayiyikhompyuter yokuqala abathengi bayazi ngenxa yesibhengezo kumaphephandaba okanye kumabonwakude, kwaye yayifakwe nasezikolweni kwaye inexabiso elithengiweyo ngokulingeneyo, ukuze ithengelwe ikhaya. Ngombulelo wokuthandwa kwayo, inyuse intengiso yemidlalo yekhompyuter (uhlobo lokuqala lomdlalo Uphi uCarmen Sandiego? Ukusukela ngo-1985, yakhutshwa okokuqala nge-Apple II), yesoftware yezemfundo kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, yangena ngokupheleleyo icandelo loshishino enkosi isicelo sespredishithi sokuqala sehlabathi: VisiCalc.
Kodwa, ukongeza kula macandelo kunye nakwimizi-mveliso yeepheripherali, iApple II ibinempembelelo enkulu kwicandelo lezasekhaya kuba yenze ukuba amanye amashishini asabele kwaye ibabonise amandla okuthengisa kweli candelo. I-Apple II yalandelwa ziikhompyuter ezibiza ixabiso eliphantsi ezinje nge-VIC-20 (1980), IBM PC (1981) okanye i-Commodore 64 (1982).
I-Apple II Plus
Ngowe-1979 I-Apple II Plus, ebandakanya i-Applesoft BASIC yolwimi lwenkqubo kwiROM, ebhalwe nguMicrosoft, kwaye yayifumaneka ngaphambili njengesincedisi. I-Applesoft BASIC yongeze inkxaso yenqaku lencopho yokudada kodwa yancama isantya esipheleleyo kwinkqubo. I-Apple II Plus yayiphakathi kwe-16 kunye ne-48 KB ye-RAM, eyandisiweyo ukuya kuma-64 KB ngekhadi lolwimi elalivumela abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshe ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwe-BASIC dialects INT (Integer) kunye ne-FP. »(Applesoft), kodwa itshabalalisa nayiphi na inkqubo engagcinwanga inkqubo. Ukongezwa kwe ikhadi lolwimi ikwavumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-UCSD Pascal kunye ne-FORTRAN 77 iikhomputha ezikhutshelwe iApple ngelo xesha.
