Kuningi okulotshwe kulezi zinyanga ngempilo nobuntu bakhe, kugcwele i-chiaroscuro, kepha okungekho muntu ongakuphika yithonya eliqondile imibono yakhe abe nalo endleleni sonke esihlobene ngayo nobuchwepheshe, umculo noma ama-movie. Yini ongayikholelwa? Ihaba? zama ukufunda bese unquma.
1. Ikhompyutha Yokuqala Yomuntu: IMacintosh
Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1979, i-Apple yayisikhule yaba yinkampani eqinile elungiselela ukuya emphakathini. I-Apple II, ukuvela kwaleyo khompyutha yokuqala uJobs noWozniak ababeyakhe egalaji, kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu kwezentengiso, futhi inani lenkampani lizokhuphukela ku- $ 1.790 billion maduzane. Kodwa-ke, endlunkulu yaseCupertino bekunezizathu zokukhathazeka. I-Apple III, esikhundleni sayo semvelo, ibiyi-fiasco ephelele futhi iphrojekthi entsha kaLisa ibukeka ifana.
USteve Jobs waqala ukuphelelwa yisineke. Wayefuna ukudala umkhiqizo "opholile ongenangqondo" nowezinguquko owawuzokhipha amanabukeni embonini yamakhompiyutha (amakhompyutha angaleso sikhathi ayengakhombisa imigqa yekhodi esikrinini esiluhlaza phosphor futhi anikwe amandla yimiyalo eyinkimbinkimbi). Kungaleso sikhathi lapho abeka khona izinto ePalo Alto Research Centre, ephethwe yinkampani iXerox. Ikusasa lesikhathi sedijithali njengoba sazi namuhla (isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza, isikrini se-bitmap, ideskithophu enamawindi, igundane…) belilolongwa kule laboratory yemibono futhi nemisebenzi yalizwa. Kulokho okubhekwe njenge-heist yezimboni enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni, wenza isivumelwano nabaphathi beXerox ukumvumela ukuthi abheke okwakwenzeka lapho ngokushintshanisa isitoko se-Apple.
Ngenkathi engena ezikhungweni ngoDisemba 1979 nabanye abambisene nabo, akubona ngaphakathi kumshiye emangele. Yilokho kanye abekade ekufuna. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, iMacintosh yethulwa emphakathini, ikhompyutha yokuqala yomuntu uqobo. U-1984 ngeke aphinde abe ngu-1984.
Ikhompyutha Yokuqala Yomuntu: IMacintosh
2. Idizayini, idizayini, ukwakheka
Imisebenzi yaqonda kwasekuqaleni ukuthi ukwakheka ngokucophelela ezweni labachwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe okungakhathalekile ukwakheka kokugcina kwemikhiqizo yabo kunganikeza inkampani isimilo esihlukile. Okwethusa onjiniyela bakhe, wagcizelela ukuthi ngisho nezingxenye zedivayisi engabonakali, njengebhodi likamama iMacintosh, kumele zibe zinhle. "Umenzi wekhabhinethi akasebenzisi ukhuni olubi ngemuva kwecala lokubonisa." Intshisekelo yakhe yadlulela ngaphezu kokwenza izinto ezidonsa amehlo. “Iningi lenza iphutha ngokucabanga ukuthi ukuklanywa yilokho okubukeka ngakho. Idizayini ukuthi into ethile isebenza kanjani, "kusho yena.
Imisebenzi bekungokokuqala ukuqonda ukuthi ubuchwepheshe kufanele bube lula ukuqondakala, bunembile futhi buhle, futhi ebhukwini lokuqala lika-Apple bekukhona ibinzana eliye laba yimantra yenkampani: "Ukulula kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu." USteve usebenzise le filosofi kuyo yonke imininingwane, noma ngabe incane kangakanani, kusukela ekufakweni kwemikhiqizo kuye ekwakhiweni kwezitolo. Lokhu kuthatheka kwakuyikhanda langempela kubasebenzi bakhe (njengosuku lapho, emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-iPhone, wanquma ukuguqula ngokuphelele udaba lwayo). Ngezinye izikhathi, yayifinyelela i-paroxysm yezinto ezingenangqondo. Ngenkathi osebenzisana naye nomqambi we-Apple, uJonathan Ive, ethula isiphakamiso sakhe sokuvala i-iPhone 4 ngentambo ezacile yensimbi, uJobs wayejabule kakhulu ngomqondo wokuthi akabanaki onjiniyela ababemxwayisa ngokuthi uzobanikeza izinkinga zokuhlanganisa. Uyazi: "Asiphelele, kanjalo nezingcingo."
Idizayini, idizayini, ukwakheka
3. Izithombe ze-Digital
Ngasekupheleni kuka-1985, uJob wasuswa ehhovisi likaMongameli we-Apple nakusiphi isikhundla esiphakeme kule nkampani yiBhodi Yabaqondisi. Ngakho-ke wazithola esesemigwaqweni, enesikhathi esiningi samahhala kanye nezigidi ezingama- $ 100 ephaketheni lakhe. Usungule ikhompuyutha yakhe enkulu, NEXT, kepha iphrojekthi yehlulekile kabi. Ngaleso sikhathi, uGeorge Lucas, esindwa umthwalo wesahlukaniso sakhe, wayefuna ukuqeda ukwahlukaniswa kwedijithali kukaLucasfilm. Imisebenzi ithenge kuyena ngamarandi ayizigidi ezinhlanu ngenhloso yokwenza i-hardware ne-software. Kepha washeshe walibona iphutha lakhe: ingcebo yangempela yaleyo nkampani encane ebizwa ngePstrong kwakungewona umsebenzi wonjiniyela bayo, kodwa ithalente lethimba layo lama-animators, eliholwa nguJohn Lasseter. UPstrong wafinyelela esivumelwaneni noDisney futhi, ngoNovemba 1995, iToy Story yakhululwa. Le filimu yathola ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-362.
I-toy story
4. Kusuka ku-iPod kuya ku-iTunes
Ngenkathi uSteve Jobs ebuyela e-Apple ngo-1997, inkampani yayishayeka kanti nemakethe yamakhompiyutha yomuntu siqu yayihlupheka. Imisebenzi isebenze kanzima - ngosizo lukaJony Ive - ukuvuselela lonke uhla lwakhe lwamakhompiyutha, nemikhiqizo ekhangayo njenge-iMac. Kepha wabona ukuthi yonke leyo mishini emihle yayingeke ibe nayo ikusasa uma ingabi yisikhungo esisha lapho konke ukuzijabulisa kwabathengi kwedijithali kwavutha khona. Ngakho-ke kwazalwa izinhlelo ezifana neMovie, iPhoto, iDVD futhi, ekugcineni, i-iTunes.
Iphupho likaJobs, noma kunjalo, laqhubekela phambili: kwakungukudala indawo evaliwe lapho akwazi ukulawula khona i-100% yesipiliyoni somsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke wasungula isidlali sakhe somculo, i-iPod, okuyithuluzi elenza umkhiqizi wamakhompiyutha abe yinkampani yezobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Impumelelo ye-iPod ilele ekwakhiweni kwayo okuhle, amandla ayo - anele izingoma eziyinkulungwane - kanye nokusebenziseka kwayo okulula komsebenzisi (kokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi bekuvele kune-iTunes).
Ukuvala lo mbuthano, u-Jobs ushaye amadili nezinkampani ezinkulu zokuqopha futhi wethula isitolo sakhe somculo, i-iTunes Store, lapho noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angalanda izingoma nge $ 0,99. Kuthiwa umphathi we-Windows development, ngesikhathi ekubona, wabhala i-e-mail kwabane abangaphansi kwakhe ngomusho owodwa: "Simukelwe."
Kusuka ku-iPod kuya ku-iTunes
I-5 I-iPhone
Ngo-2005, i-iPod yabalelwa ku-45% wemali engenayo yakwa-Apple. Imisebenzi ikhathazekile ngokuthi lokho kudayiswa kungadilika lapho abenzi bomakhalekhukhwini befaka izidlali zomculo kule divayisi, njengoba bevele benza ngamakhamera edijithali. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva komzamo ongaphumelelanga wokusebenzisana ne-Motorola, isiphetho sakhe sicacile: "Kumele sizenzele thina." Isikrini sokuthinta, njengoba sazi, besingeyona inketho yokuqala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isibonelo sokuqala sagijima esondweni le-iPod yakudala. Yilapho uJonathan Ive eza nomqondo ozoshintsha ama-smartphones unomphela. Ithimba lakhe belisungule i-multi-touch device ye-MacBook Pro trackpad engalingana nethebhulethi (i-iPad yesikhathi esizayo), yize kungekho owayenesiqiniseko sokuthi izosebenzela ifoni. UJobs wayejabule ngokuyisebenzisa, kwathi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha esebenza kuzo zombili lezi zinhlobo ezingaphansi kwamagama abhalwe ngamakhodi u-P1 kanye no-P2, wabiza abaseduze kakhulu ukuba bathathe isinqumo. Ekhomba i-touch screen, uthe, "Sonke siyazi ukuthi lena yinguqulo esifuna ukuyakha, ngakho-ke masiyenze isebenze." Ukugoqa i-curl, i-Jobs-Ive duo yanquma ukuyenza ngengilazi. Kwakunenkampani eyodwa kuphela eyayikwazi ukwakha ingilazi enamandla njengoba i-iPhone yayidinga, iGorilla Glass, kodwa yayingakaze yenziwe ngobuningi. USteve, esebenzisa uphawu lwentengiso yakhe yokuphambuka kweqiniso, wabaqinisekisa ukuthi bazoyithola ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Wayeqinisile impela. Ngemuva komncintiswano wokulwa nesikhathi, i-iPhone yethulwa engqungqutheleni ye-MacWorld ka-2007 eSan Francisco. "Namuhla sizokhombisa imikhiqizo emithathu evuselela umbuso," kuqale imisebenzi. "IPod enesikrini esibanzi esine-touch control, ifoni evukelayo kanye nedivayisi yokuxhumana nge-inthanethi yesizukulwane esilandelayo." Futhi, ngemuva kwekhefu elikhulu, wabuza, 'Uyaqonda? Akuwona amadivayisi amathathu azimele, ayithuluzi elilodwa futhi sizoyibiza nge-iPhone. Ngamafuphi, i-iPhone yayingenazo izici ezintsha, kepha kwakuyifoni enhle kakhulu, esebenziseka kalula futhi esetshenziswa kalula eyake yabonwa. Into yesifiso. Abaningi babikezela ukuthi intengo yayo engu- $ 500 izophazamisa impumelelo yayo (kufaka uBill Gates). Eminyakeni emithathu, amayunithi wezigidi ezingama-90 asevele athengisiwe.
Iphone
6. Ama-APP
Enye yezimpawu ezinhle ze-iPhone ukuthi - ngenxa yesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi, iMac OS X yayo enamandla nomthamo wayo omkhulu wememori - yavumela ukulanda izinhlelo ezincane nokuzijabulisa, ulwazi noma izinsiza zomsebenzi ukuzengeza kulezo esezivele zikhona ocingweni . I-Apple ibabhaphathize ngezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Njengoba bekwenzile ngebhizinisi lomculo, inkampani yaseCalifornia ikhethe ukuthengisa lezi zinhlelo ngqo kumsebenzisi, ezenziwe izinkulungwane zabathuthukisi emhlabeni jikelele, bese isabalalisa iphesenti lenzuzo phakathi kwabasunguli bayo.
Esibonelweni sokukhathazeka kukaSteve Jobs ngokulawula, ubeke ukusatshalaliswa kwakhe esitolo esenziwe ngqo ku-iTunes ngoJulayi 2008, i-App Store. Ngale ndlela, kungaqinisekisa izinga lekhwalithi lezinhlelo zokusebenza, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngayinye yazo isebenzise amandla aphelele we-software ye-iPhone futhi, lapho kufanele khona, ihlolisise labo okuqukethwe kwabo bekucasula (kufaka phakathi konke lokho okubandakanya izinto eziqukethe ezocansi) .
I-iPad inyuse izibalo zokuthengisa kuphela. Maphakathi no-2011, besekuvele kunezicelo ezingama-425.000 ku-iTunes Store kuwo womabili amadivayisi (namuhla zeqa uhhafu wesigidi) futhi kube nokulandwa kwezigidi eziyi-14.000. I-App Store idale imboni echumayo ngaphandle komoya omncane. Izinkulungwane zosomabhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele bazibophezele ukudala izicelo zabo, amafemu amakhulu aqala ukusungula izimali zokutshala imali ezinikezelwe ukuxhasa imibono emisha, futhi abashicileli bamamagazini nabezincwadi bamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha njengoba izinkampani zokuqopha zazenzile ngesitolo eminyakeni eyedlule. Kusuka ku-iTunes. Faka uhambe ...
Isitolo se-APP
7. I-iPad
Ukususwa okuqhubekayo kwekhompiyutha yendabuko ngamanye amadivayisi eselula kwaholela ekutheni uSteve Jobs acabange ngokwakha i-netbook ekuqaleni kuka-2003. Kodwa-ke, uJonathan Ive wamqinisekisa ukuthi asungule umshini olula ongasetshenziswa ngesandla esisodwa futhi owahlanganisa ikhibhodi ibe isikrini esikhulu sokuthinta okuningi. Iphrojekthi iyekile ukubeka phambili i-iPhone, kepha ekupheleni kuka-2007 lo mqondo waphinde wabuya futhi iqembu lonke le-Apple laqala ukusebenza kuthebhulethi esebenza ngaphandle kosiba. Ngesikhathi yethulwa ngoJanuwari 2010, i-buzz enkulu eyenziwe yigajethi entsha yaphenduka igagasi lokuphoxeka.
I-iPad, ekugcineni, yamiswa njengohlelo oluvaliwe olungavumeli ngisho umsebenzisi ukuthi axhume induku ye-USB. Ngokungafani neMacintosh, bekuyinto yokufunda kakhulu kokuqukethwe kunomshini wobuciko. Futhi, ngenxa yengxabano yakudala phakathi kweMisebenzi ne-Adobe, akazange afunde iFlash.
Ezinye izintatheli ezikhethekile zize zakhuluma nge-iPhone equmbile ene-steroids. Noma kunjalo, i-Apple ithengise ama-iPads ayisigidi ngenyanga yayo yokuqala yokumaketha. Impumelelo yethebhulethi engakaze ibonwe yenze kwaba yizinga lomkhakha omusha futhi yabeka inkampani yaseCalifornia, futhi, ngaphambi kwawo wonke umncintiswano wayo. Ukuxokozela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezakhelwe i-iPad, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zamaphephandaba amakhulu, omagazini nezincwadi, konke okunye. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye kamuva, ukuthengisa sekuvele kwaba yizigidi eziyi-15. INkosi Midas yayiphinde yayilungisa futhi, futhi abagxeki bayo, futhi, baphoqeleka ukuthi badlule kuleyo ayingi.
