Iningi lamathuluzi nokugenca okuye kwaba khona okusobala ukuthi yebiwe kwiNational Security Agency I-American
Abameli bezobumfihlo basebenzise leli qiniso ukuze baqinisekise isikhundla sika-Apple empikiswaneni yakhe ne-FBI ekuqaleni konyaka.
Evikini eledlule, kubaduni kusolakala ukuthi bantshontshe elinye lamathuluzi ayizinhloli eNSA. Futhi ngokusho kwemithombo eminingi, bathembisa ukuwathengisela umuntu othenga kakhulu.
Ukuphanga kuxhunyaniswe ne "Equation Group", iqembu eliyimfihlo lezinhloli ze-cyber okukholakala ukuthi lihlobene ne-NSA nabalingani bayo bakahulumeni. Iqoqo le-hacker elebe i-malware likhiphe amasethi amabili wamafayela. Kubandakanya isampula yamahhala yedatha eyebiwe, eyaqala ngonyaka we-2013. Ifayela lesibili libethelwe, futhi ukhiye walo wakhuphuka uyothengiswa endalini yeBitcoin, yize abaningi bebone lesi sinyathelo njengesiphambeko esilula.
Nokho, ukuhlaselwa kubonakala kungokoqobo, ngokusho kwalabo ababengabasebenzi beNSA ababesebenza ophikweni lokugenca lolu hlelo, olwaziwa ngeTailored Access Operations (TAO).
"Ngaphandle kokungabaza, bayizihluthulelo zombuso," kusho owayeyisisebenzi se TAO esitatimendeni esingaziwa kuThe Washington Post. "Izinto esikhuluma ngazo zingalimaza ukuphepha kwamanethiwekhi amaningi ezinkampani nohulumeni, lapha nangaphandle."
"Kuyinto enhle kakhulu," kusho uDave Aitel, owayengusosayensi ocwaninga nge-NSA futhi eyi-CEO yenkampani yokuhlola ezokuphepha. "Sithanda ukwethuka." Iwebhusayithi yeWikileaks ibhale kuTwitter ukuthi nayo ibinayo imininingwane futhi izoyikhipha "ngaleso sikhathi."
Izindaba zokuvuza ziye zalandelwa eduze yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe, iningi lazo ebelibhekene nemizamo yekomidi lezobunhloli lase-US lokubaphoqa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi banikeze "usizo lobuchwepheshe" kubaphenyi bakahulumeni abafuna imininingwane evinjiwe.
Umzamo ohlulekile wokumisa lo mthetho weza ngemuva U-Apple ubhekane ne-FBI obala ngokugcizelela kwe-ejensi kahulumeni ukuthi yakhe "umnyango wangemuva" nge-software yakho ye-iPhone, iOS.
I-FBI ithi idinga isoftware ukuthi ingene kwi-iPhone ephethwe nguSyed Farook, omunye wamaphekula kusukela ekuhlaselweni kukaDisemba odlule eSan Bernardino, eCalifornia. Abakwa-Apple benqabile ukuhambisana nomyalelo wenkantolo abathi uzokwehlisa ukuphepha kokubethela i-smartphone futhi kungawela ezandleni ezingafanele.
Manje, ngemuva kokudalulwa okuyimfihlo okuphezulu kokunye ukusetshenziswa kweNSA maqondana nalokhu, imfihlo ivikela ukuma kuka-Apple.
Ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuvuza
"Ingxenye kahulumeni okumele ngabe iyona egcina izimfihlo yehlulekile ukuyigcina ngempumelelo le mfihlo," kusho uNate Cardozo, ongummeli omkhulu we-Electronic Frontier Foundation, etshela iBusiness Insider.
Isimo se-NSA ngobungozi sibonakala sisuselwa ekucabangeni ukuthi izimfihlo ngeke zivele lapho. Ukuthi akekho umuntu oyoke athole iphutha elifanayo, ukuthi akekho ozosebenzisa iphutha elifanayo, lokuthi ngeke kube khona ukuvuza. Siyazi ukuthi kuyiqiniso, ukuthi kulokhu, lokho akulona iqiniso.
Owayengusosayensi we-NSA u-Aitel uyakukholelwa lokho kungenzeka ukuthi leyo mininingwane iphume ezikhungweni ze-NSA ngependrive, ezazingathengiswa noma zebiwe. "Akekho umuntu obeka imisebenzi yakhe kuseva" kusho u-Aitel.
Okunye okungenzeka kuphakanyiswe yi-NSA ukuthi i-malware toolkit intshontshiwe "kuseva yesiteji" ngaphandle kwe-NSA. Lesi sikhundla sicashunwe futhi ngu-Edward Snowden, naye ukhombe iRussia njengomsolwa ophambili wokuvuza.
Umsebenzi wokukwazisa
Abanye abaduni baphinde babuza imibuzo emisha mayelana nezici zomthetho zokugenca kukahulumeni. Okuningi "kokuxhaphaza" kwakhe, kufaka phakathi ukuvuza, akukaze kwaziswe izinkampani ezine-hardware ethintekile.
Uhlaka lwenqubomgomo olubizwa nge- "Vulnerabilities Equities Process" (i-VEP) luchaza ukuthi uMbuso kufanele ubike kanjani nokuthi nini ubungozi enkampanini ethintekayo uma ubungozi bezokuphepha bukhulu kunenzuzo engayiveza.
I-FBI ibike amaphutha okuphepha e-Apple ezinhlotsheni ezindala ze-iOS ne-OS X ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-VEP.
Kodwa-ke, uCardozo uthi imithetho "yephulwe ngokuphelele" ngoba I-VEP iyinqubomgomo engabophi edalwe ukuphathwa kuka-Obama, hhayi umyalo ophethe noma umthetho ophoqelelayo.. "Sidinga imithetho, futhi njengamanje ayikho," kusho uCardozo.
