Lapha siyiSonto elilodwa futhi, sibukeza umlando wenkampani yamakhompiyutha enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ehamba phambili, namhlanje sizokhuluma ngakho I-Apple II.
I-Apple II, ikhompyutha okokuqala ekhombisa ukuthi umphakathi jikelele ungaba nentshisekelo yokuba nekhompyutha ekhaya labo futhi mhlawumbe eyokuqala lapho isihloko sekhompyutha yomuntu siqu singasetshenziswa khona ngokufanele.
Ngokuya ngeprosesa eyi-6502 MHz MOS Technology 1 (yebo, 1 megahertz) nangokubamba okungu-4 KB kwe-RAM (okunwebekayo kufinyelele kuma-48 KB) i-Apple II nayo ibinekhibhodi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, abahumushi ababili beBASIC abakhelwe kuyo. i-ROM yayo, okukhipha ividiyo enemibala ekwazi ukubonisa imigqa engama-24 yamakholomu angama-40 kumonitha noma kumabonakude (kusetshenziswa i-modulator yomsakazo oyikhethayo), isipikha, futhi ingaxhunyaniswa nekhasethi ukuqopha noma ukulayisha izinhlelo; bekungeke kube kuze kube ngo-1978 lapho kuvela i-floppy disk drive ezovumela isivinini esikhulu namandla okugcina.
Futhi ibinezikhala zamakhadi wokunweba eziyisishiyagalombili lapho zonke izinhlobo zamakhadi zenzelwe khona ukuthi zivumele ukuthi zisebenzise ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza - ezinye izilinganiso zithi engxenyeni yama-8s yamakhompyutha asebenzisa i-CP / M kwakuyi-Apple II enamakhadi we-Z80- ukuxhuma wonke izinhlobo zemikhawulo, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi zaselebhu, ngokusebenzisa izandiso zememori noma amakhadi evidiyo anezici ezingcono kunaleyo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Isimanga ukuthi isabelo semakethe sika-Apple manje sesingaphansi kwe-10%, phakathi nawo-80 kanye nengxenye yama-90s i-Apple II yayiyizinga elijwayelekile emakethe yezemfundo yase-US, futhi futhi yaphumelela kakhulu kwezamabhizinisi ngenxa yeVisicalc, ispredishithi sokuqala emlandweni.
Kwakukhiqizwa kuze kube ngu-Okthoba 15, 1993, lapho empeleni kwathathelwa indawo iMacintosh ngemuva kokuthengisa amayunithi aphakathi kwezigidi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zawo, ngaphandle kwanoma ngubani owaba nesibindi sokulinganisela ukuthi mangaki amanye ama-clones, asemthethweni noma cha, zathengiswa.
Uchungechunge I-Apple II Kubeke ukuqala kokukhiqizwa kochungechunge lwe-Apple futhi yethule ne-microcomputer eyenzelwe uSteve Wozniak emakethe futhi isuselwa ekwakhiweni okungama-8-bit nge-processor ye-MOS 6502, obekufunwa ngayo ukungena ngokujulile kulo mkhakha futhi kufinyelele ngaphesheya ama-hobbyists nonjiniyela ababethenge i-Apple I (eyenziwe ngezandla). Uma ucabanga ngokwethulwa kwekhompyutha emakhaya, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungabukeka njengosetshenziswayo kunomshini we-elekthronikhi osezingeni eliphezulu ukuze ungadonseli amehlo ehhovisi, egumbini lezingane, ekilasini noma ekilasini. Ngale mihlahlandlela yokuklama, i- I-Apple II Yenziwe nge-beige plastic chassis okwakulula ukuyisusa futhi yavumela ukufinyelela kungaphakathi komshini ukuze ikwazi ukunwetshwa (ukunweba isikhathi sayo sokusebenziseka nokungeza izinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba bekufanele kube yikhompyutha yomhlaba wonke, bekufanele inikeze ukulungiswa okuphezulu nemidwebo yemibala, umsindo kanye nethuba lokuhlela ngolimi lwe-BASIC (ekuqaleni i-Integer BASIC futhi kamuva i-Applesoft BASIC).
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, amayunithi okuqala aqala ukudayiswa ngoJuni 5, 77 futhi kufaka phakathi iprosesa ye-6502 1 MHz, 4 KB ye-RAM, i-12 KB ye-ROM kufaka phakathi i-Integer BASIC kanye ne-interface yamakhasethi wekhasethi. Umthamo wehluzo wawusethwe ekulungisweni kwesikrini kwemigqa engama-24 ngamakholomu angama-40 wombhalo ongasetshenziswanga kanye nokukhishwa kwevidiyo okuhlanganisiwe kwe-NTSC okuzokwazi ukuxhuma ku-TV noma ukuqapha, yize kwakukhona abanye abakhiqizi abethula ikhadi lokunweba elivunyelwe ukubonisa ama-80 amakholomu nosonhlamvukazi abesekelwayo.
Ngenani elakhipha amadola ayi-1.298 wesikhathi enguqulweni yayo engu-4 KB we-RAM kanye nama-dollar ayizi-2.638 engu-48 KB ye-RAM, kwafika ikhompyutha emakethe evumela ukonga nokubuyisa kokubili izinhlelo nemininingwane ekhasethini amateyipu alalelwayo, inguquko yomsebenzisi wasekhaya. Noma kunjalo, i- U-Apple II akagcinanga ngokusebenzisa amateyipu ukugcina idatha kusukela, kungekudala nje, yethulwa emakethe idrayivu yangaphandle yediski (5,25 ″) lokho kwakuxhunywe kwelinye lamachweba wokunweba ekhompyutheni nokuthi, namuhla, isilawuli sayo sisabhekwa njengesilinganiso emhlabeni womklamo we-elekthronikhi.
Lesi silawuli, esakhiwe yiWozniak, sisebenzise ukufaka ikhodi okuhlukile kunalokho okuvame ukusetshenziswa. U-Woz ukhethe i-GCR (Ukuqoshwa Kwekhodi Yeqembu) ngoba bekulula ukukusebenzisa (ngakho-ke kushibhile) kune-MFM (Kushintshwe Ukuguquguquka Kwemvamisa) futhi evule umnyango kubathuthukisi ukwethula ukuvikelwa ezinhlelweni zabo ngokushintsha ifomethi esezingeni eliphansi yemikhakha yediski noma ngokuhambisa ikhanda ledrayivu.
Kepha kubaluleke ngani ngempela I-Apple II yiyona isakhiwo esivulekile lapho uWozniak akhethe khona kanye nokufakwa kwezikhala zokunweba ezikusiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezandiso nemikhawulo hhayi i-Apple kuphela kodwa futhi nezinye izinkampani: abalawuli bezimbobo ze-serial, amakhadi wevidiyo, amakhadi we-accelerator, amakhadi womsindo, ama-hard drive, amakhadi wememori yezandiso noma amakhadi we-emulator (ngokwesibonelo i-CP / M) ivunyelwe i-Apple II ivumelanisa nanoma yisiphi isidingo.
Kepha i-Apple II yayingeyona inguquko kuphela ngenxa yezici zayo noma ukwakheka kwayo, ukukhangisa nokumaketha Baphinde benza okuncane ukuze bachithe ukuthengiswa kwalo mshini. Isikhangiso sokuqala se-Apple II savela ngoJulayi 1977 kumagazini i-Byte esihlokweni samakhasi amabili esethula umkhiqizo futhi salandelwa yikhasi lesithathu eliqukethe ifomu loku-oda. Ukusuka lapho bagxuma ngoSepthemba wonyaka ofanayo baya eScientific American futhi, kamuva, izimakethe ze-TV eziyisishiyagalombili ze-Aplle IIGS model ezazigxile ezinzuzweni zedivayisi ngaphakathi kwesikole. Ngo-1981, inkampani yezokukhangisa iChiat-Day yathatha i-akhawunti yakwa-Apple kwathi umqondisi wayo wobuciko, uRob Janoff, weza ne-logo ye-apple yokuluma, ekuqaleni eyayiluhlaza okomnqumo. Kepha uSteve Jobs wayefuna ukukhombisa ikhono lokucubungula imidwebo yemibala ye-Apple II futhi wayefuna ukuthi ilogo ibonakale ngemibala yothingo lwenkosazana, isithombe somdwebo esakhiwe esikhangisweni nasencwajaneni.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthengiswa kwe- I-Apple II, USteve Jobs wakunaka kakhulu ukupakishwa komkhiqizo nemibono yabo yangasese yaba ngumhlahlandlela wokuklama ukwethulwa kwe-Apple II leyo, empeleni, ayihlukile kakhulu kunalokho okusetshenziswayo namuhla: ibhokisi lapho umbala omhlophe ubonakala khona futhi okugqame kulo uphawu lwe-apula elilonyiwe, ngaleso sikhathi ngemibala yothingo futhi lapho basebenzise khona uhlobo lobhalo lwe-Motter Tekkura kuze kube, ngeminyaka yama-80s, bashintshela ku-Apple Garamond.
El I-Apple II Kwakuyikhompyutha yokuqala abathengi ababazi ngayo ngenxa yezikhangiso emaphephandabeni noma ku-TV futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, yayifakwe ezikoleni futhi inenani elingabizi kakhulu, ngakho-ke yayingathengwa ekhaya. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, ithuthukise imakethe yemidlalo yekhompyutha (inguqulo yokuqala yomdlalo Uphi uCarmen Sandiego? Kusuka ngo-1985, yakhishwa okokuqala nge-Apple II), leyo yesoftware yezemfundo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, yangena ngokugcwele umkhakha webhizinisi sibonga isicelo sesipredishithi sokuqala emhlabeni: VisiCalc.
Kepha, ngaphezu kwale mikhakha kanye naleyo yabenzi bezinto ezisemaphethelweni, i-Apple II ibe nomthelela omkhulu emkhakheni wasekhaya ngoba yenze yonke imboni yasabela futhi yabakhombisa ukusebenza kokuthengisa kuleyo ngxenye. I-Apple II yalandelwa ngamakhompyutha abiza kancane njenge-VIC-20 (1980), i-IBM PC (1981) noma i-Commodore 64 (1982).
I-Apple II Plus
Ngo-1979 i I-Apple II Plus, ebifaka nolimi lohlelo lwe-Applesoft BASIC ku-ROM, ebhalwe yiMicrosoft, futhi phambilini ibitholakala njengesithuthukisi. I-Applesoft BASIC ingeze ukusekelwa kwezibalo zamaphuzu entantayo kepha yanikela ngejubane eliphelele lenqubo. I-Apple II Plus ibinaphakathi kuka-16 no-48 KB we-RAM, inwebeke ibe ngu-64 KB ngekhadi lolimi elivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe ngokushesha phakathi kwezilimi ze-BASIC INT (Integer) ne-FP. »(I-Applesoft), kepha ichithe noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezingalondoloziwe ku inqubo. Ukungezwa kwe- ikhadi lolimi futhi kwavumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-UCSD Pascal ne-FORTRAN 77 abahlanganisi abakhishwe i-Apple ngaleso sikhathi.
