An rubuta abubuwa da yawa a cikin waɗannan watannin game da rayuwarsa da halayensa, cike da chiaroscuro, amma abin da ba wanda zai iya musunwa shi ne tasirin kai tsaye da ra'ayoyinsa suka yi akan hanyar da muke da alaƙa da ita a yau ga fasaha, kiɗa ko fina-finai. Me ba ku gaskata shi ba? Aggeara ƙari? gwada karantawa da yanke shawara.
1. Kwamfuta Na Farko Na Farko: Macintosh
A farkon 1979, Apple ya zama kamfani mai ƙarfi wanda ke shirin fitowa fili. Apple II, juyin halittar waccan kwamfutar ta farko da Jobs da Wozniak suka yi a cikin gareji, ta kasance babbar nasarar tallace-tallace, kuma ba da daɗewa ba darajar kamfanin za ta tashi zuwa dala biliyan 1.790. Koyaya, a hedkwatar Cupertino akwai dalilai na damuwa. Apple III, maye gurbinsa na halitta, ya kasance fiasco gabaɗaya kuma sabon aikin Lisa ya zama kamar haka yake.
Steve Jobs ya fara girma da haƙuri. Yana so ya kirkiro wani "mara dadi mara dadi" kuma samfurin juyin juya hali wanda zai dauki nappies na masana'antar komputa (kwamfutoci na yau da kyar zasu iya nuna layukan lamba akan allon koren foshor kuma ana samunsu ta umarnin masu rikitarwa). A lokacin ne ya sanya idanunsa kan Cibiyar Bincike ta Palo Alto, mallakar kamfanin Xerox. A cikin wannan dakin binciken dabarun, makomar zamanin dijital kamar yadda muka santa a yau (ƙirar mai amfani da hoto, allon bitmap, tebur tare da windows, linzamin kwamfuta…) yana ta aiki kuma Ayyuka sun hango shi. A cikin abin da aka ɗauka mafi girman masaniyar masana'antu a tarihi, ya kulla yarjejeniya tare da shugabannin kamfanin Xerox don ya ba shi damar duba abin da ke faruwa a can don musayar kamfanin Apple.
Lokacin da a cikin Disamba 1979 ya shiga wuraren tare da abokan aikinsa da yawa, abin da ya gani a ciki ya ba shi mamaki. Wannan shine ainihin abin da yake nema. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka aka gabatar da Macintosh a cikin al'umma, farkon kwamfutar sirri ta gaske. 1984 ba zai sake zama 1984 ba.
Kwamfuta Na Farko Na Farko: Macintosh
2. Zane, zane, zane
Ayyuka da aka fahimta tun daga farko cewa ƙira a hankali a cikin duniyar masana fasaha waɗanda ba su damu da fasalin ƙarshen kayayyakinsu zai ba kamfanin kamfani na musamman ba. Don firgita injiniyoyinsa, ya dage cewa hatta sassan kayan aikin da ba za a iya gani ba, kamar katon katako na Macintosh, dole ne ya zama kyakkyawa. "Mai zartarwa a majalisar ba ya amfani da katako mara kyau don bayan akwatin nuni." Sha'awarsa ta wuce kirkirar abubuwa masu daukar ido. “Mafi yawa suna yin kuskuren tunanin cewa zane shi ne yadda wani abu yake. Zane shi ne yadda wani abu yake aiki ”, ya ba da tabbacin.
Ayyuka sune farkon wadanda suka fahimci cewa fasaha yakamata ya zama mai saukin fahimta, mai saukin ganewa, kuma kyakkyawa, kuma takaddar farko ta Apple tuni tana dauke da jumla wacce ta zama mantra ta kamfani: "Sauki shine babban wayewa." Steve ya yi amfani da wannan falsafancin ga kowane daki-daki, duk da haka mara ƙanƙanci, daga kayan marmari don adana gine-gine. Wannan tunanin ya kasance ainihin ciwon kai ga ma'aikatansa (kamar ranar da, makonni kaɗan bayan ƙaddamar da iphone, ya yanke shawarar gyara lamarinsa gaba ɗaya). A wasu lokuta, ya kai ga paroxysm na wauta. Lokacin da abokin aikinsa kuma mai tsara Apple din Jonathan Ive suka gabatar da kudirinsa na rufe wayar ta iPhone 4 tare da wani karamin karfe, Jobs ya kasance mai matukar farinciki game da batun har ya yi biris da injiniyoyin da suka gargade shi cewa zai bayar da matsalolin ɗaukar hoto. Ka sani: "Mu ba cikakke bane, haka ma tarho."
Zane, zane, zane
3. Digital animation
A ƙarshen 1985, an cire Jobs daga shugabancin Apple da kowane matsayi na zartarwa a cikin kamfanin ta Hukumar Daraktoci. Don haka ya tsinci kansa a kan titi, tare da lokaci mai yawa da dala miliyan 100 a aljihunsa. Ya ƙaddamar da babbar komputar kansa, NEXT, amma aikin ya kasance mummunan gazawa. A lokacin, George Lucas, wanda nauyin aurensa ya ɗora masa, ya so ya rabu da rukunin dijital na Lucasfilm. Ayyuka sun saye shi daga gare shi kan dala miliyan 1995 da niyyar haɓaka kayan aiki da software. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ya fahimci kuskurensa: ainihin dukiyar wannan ƙaramin kamfanin da ake kira Pixar ba aikin injiniyoyinta ba ne, amma baiwa ce ta ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wanda John Lasseter ya jagoranta. Pixar ya cimma yarjejeniya tare da Disney kuma, a cikin Nuwamba 362, aka saki Toy Story. Fim din ya sami Euro miliyan XNUMX.
Toy Story
4. Daga iPod zuwa iTunes
Lokacin da Steve Jobs ya koma Apple a 1997, kamfanin ya faɗi kuma kasuwar komputa ta mutum tana ta rauni. Ayyuka sun yi aiki tuƙuru - tare da taimakon Jony Ive - don sabunta dukkan nau'ikan kwamfutocinsa, tare da samfura waɗanda suke da kyau kamar iMac. Amma ya fahimci cewa duk waɗannan kyawawan injunan ba za su sami makoma ba idan ba su zama sabuwar cibiyar da duk abubuwan nishaɗin dijital ke amfani da su ba. Ta haka ne aka haife shirye-shirye kamar iMovie, iPhoto, iDVD kuma, a ƙarshe, iTunes.
Mafarkin ayyuka, duk da haka, ya ci gaba: shine don ƙirƙirar rufaffiyar yanayi wanda zai iya sarrafa 100% na ƙwarewar mai amfani. Don haka ya kirkiro nasa kayan kidan, iPod, na'urar da ta mai da kamfanin kera komputa kamfani mai fasahar kere kere a duniya. Nasarar iPod ta kasance a cikin kyakkyawan ƙirarta, iyawarsa - ya isa kusan waƙoƙi dubu - da sauƙin amfani da mai amfani (don ayyukan rikitarwa tuni iTunes).
Don rufe da'irar, Ayyuka sun kulla ma'amaloli tare da manyan kamfanonin rikodin kuma sun ƙaddamar da kantin kade-kade, iTunes Store, wanda kowane mai amfani zai iya saukar da waƙoƙi daga $ 0,99. An ce shugaban ci gaban Windows, da ya gan shi, ya rubuta imel zuwa ga wasu na ƙasansa tare da jimla guda: "An kwashe mu."
Daga iPod zuwa iTunes
5. iPhone
A shekarar 2005, iPod ya samar da kashi 45% na kudin shiga na Apple. Ayyuka sun damu da cewa waɗannan tallace-tallace na iya faɗuwa yayin da masu yin wayar salula suka haɗa da masu kunna kiɗa a cikin na'urar, kamar yadda suka yi da kyamarar dijital. Don haka, bayan yunƙurin da bai yi nasara ba na kawance da Motorola, ƙarshen zancen nasa ya fito karara: "Dole ne mu yi kanmu da kanmu." Allon taɓawa, kamar yadda muka san shi, ba shine zaɓi na farko ba. Sabanin haka, samfurin farko ya gudana a kan keken iPod na gargajiya. Hakan ne lokacin da Jonathan Ive ya kawo wata dabara wacce za ta sauya wayoyin komai da ruwanka har abada. Tawagarsa sun kirkiro naɓaɓɓun na'urori masu yawa don MacBook Pro trackpad wanda zai iya dacewa da kwamfutar hannu (iPad ta gaba), kodayake babu wanda ya tabbata cewa zai yi aiki don waya. Ayyuka sun yi farin ciki game da amfani da shi, kuma bayan watanni shida suna aiki a kan nau'ikan samfura biyu a ƙarƙashin sunayen mai lamba P1 da P2, ya kira cikin abokan aikinsa na kusa don yanke shawara. Ya nuna a allon tabawa, ya ce, "Dukanmu mun san wannan sigar da muke so mu ƙirƙira, don haka bari mu sa ta yi aiki." Don nada curl, Jobs-Ive duo ya yanke shawarar yin shi daga gilashi. Akwai kamfani guda ɗaya tak da ke iya ginin gilashi mai ƙarfi kamar iPhone ake buƙata, Gorilla Glass, amma ba a taɓa samar da taro mai yawa ba. Steve, yana amfani da dabarar cin amanar gaskiyarsa ta lalata, ya tabbatar musu cewa za su same shi a cikin watanni shida. Yayi cikakken gaskiya. Bayan tsere kan lokaci, an bayyana iPhone a taron MacWorld na 2007 a San Francisco. Ayyuka sun fara "Yau za mu nuna samfuran neman sau uku." "Babban gilashin iPod tare da sarrafa taɓawa, wayar juyin juya hali da na'urar sadarwa ta intanet mai zuwa." Kuma, bayan ɗan hutu na ban mamaki, ya tambaya, 'Kuna fahimta? Su ba na'urori masu zaman kansu bane guda uku, sune kayan aiki guda kuma zamu kira shi iPhone ». A takaice, IPhone bashi da sabbin abubuwa, amma shine mafi kyawun, mai amfani da wayar da aka taɓa gani. Abun so. Dayawa sun yi hasashen cewa farashinta na $ 500 zai kawo cikas ga nasararta (gami da Bill Gates). A cikin shekaru uku, an riga an sayar da raka'a miliyan 90.
Iphone
6. APPs
Oneayan mahimmancin ƙa'idodin iPhone shine abin-godiya ga ƙirar mai amfani da shi, Mac OS X mai ƙarfi da babban ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya - ya ba da damar sauke ƙananan shirye-shirye da nishaɗi, bayanai ko kayan aiki don ƙara su zuwa waɗanda ke kan wayar. . Apple ya tsarkake su Ayyuka.
Kamar yadda aka yi tare da kasuwancin kiɗa, kamfanin Californian ya zaɓi ya siyar da waɗannan aikace-aikacen kai tsaye ga mai amfani, wanda dubban masu haɓakawa suka ƙirƙira a duniya, sannan kuma suka rarraba kaso na ribar tsakanin masu ƙirƙira su.
A cikin misalin Steve Jobs na yawan sha'awar sarrafawa, ya sanya rarraba ta ta hanyar shagon da aka kirkira da kansa a iTunes a watan Yulin 2008, App Store. Ta wannan hanyar, tana iya tabbatar da ingancin ƙa'idodin Ayyukan, tabbatar da cewa kowane ɗayan yayi amfani da cikakken damar software ta iPhone kuma, inda ya dace, ƙididdige waɗanda abin da suke ciki ya zama abin ƙyama (gami da duk waɗanda suka haɗa da kayan batsa).
IPad din bai yi komai ba sai kara adadin tallace-tallace da yayi. A tsakiyar 2011, akwai aikace-aikace 425.000 a cikin iTunes Store na duka na'urori (a yau sun wuce rabin miliyan) kuma akwai sau miliyan 14.000 da aka sauke. Shagon App ya ƙirƙiri masana'antar haɓaka daga ƙarancin iska. Dubun dubatar 'yan kasuwa a fadin duniya sun dukufa wajen kirkirar aikace-aikacen su, kamfanonin hada hadar kudade sun kafa kudaden saka jari da aka ware domin daukar nauyin sabbin dabaru, kuma mujallu da masu buga littattafai sun rungumi sabuwar fasahar kamar yadda rubutattun bayanan rikodi suka yi da shagon shekarun baya. Daga iTunes. Ara a tafi ...
Shagon APP
7. IPad
Cigaban da aka samu na kawar da kwamfutar gargajiya da wasu wayoyin hannu suka sanya Steve Jobs yayi tunanin kirkirar karamin littafi a farkon shekarar 2003. Jonathan Ive, duk da haka, ya gamsar da shi kan ya fitar da wata na’urar wuta wacce za a iya amfani da ita da hannu daya kuma ta sanya makullin a cikin babban allo mai tabawa. Aikin ya tsaya don ba da fifiko ga iPhone, amma a ƙarshen 2007 ra'ayin ya sake bayyana kuma dukkanin ƙungiyar Apple sun fara aiki a kan kwamfutar hannu da ke aiki ba tare da nuna alama ba. Lokacin da aka fito da shi a watan Janairun 2010, sai babbar muryar sabuwar na'urar da aka kirkira ta juye da juyayi.
IPad, a ƙarshe, an tsara shi azaman rufaffen tsarin wanda bai ma bawa mai amfani damar haɗa sandar USB ba. Ba kamar Macintosh ba, ya kasance mai karanta abun ciki fiye da inji a sabis na kerawa. Hakanan, saboda tsohuwar takaddama tsakanin Ayyuka da Adobe, bai karanta Flash ba.
Wasu 'yan jarida na musamman ma sun yi magana game da kumburin iPhone tare da steroid. Duk da haka, Apple ya sayar da iPads miliyan a cikin watan farko na tallan. Nasarorin da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba ya sanya shi sabon tsarin masana'antu kuma ya sanya kamfanin Californian, gaba gaba da duk gasarsa. Sabbin sabbin Apps da aka tsara don iPad, gami da nau'ikan manyan jaridu, mujallu da litattafai, sun yi sauran. Bayan watanni tara, tallace-tallace sun kai miliyan 15. King Midas ya sake dawowa daidai kuma an sake tilasta masu sukar sa wucewa ta hanyar dutsen.
