Pano isu tiri imwezve Svondo, tichiongorora nhoroondo yekambani hombe uye yepamusoro komputa, nhasi ticha taura nezvazvo Apple II.
Apple II, komputa iyo kwenguva yekutanga yakaratidza kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu vanogona kufarira kuve nekomputa mumusha mavo uye ingangove yekutanga iyo zita rekomputa rako raigona kushandiswa nenzira kwayo.
Kubva pane 6502 MHz MOS Technology 1 processor (ehe, 1 megahertz) uye nekukwidza 4 KB ye RAM (inowedzerwa kusvika pahuwandu hwe48 KB) iyo Apple II yaive zvakare yakavakirwa-mukhibhodi, vaturikiri vaviri veBASIC vakavakirwa mairi. iyo ROM, yevaravara vhidhiyo inoburitsa inokwanisa kuratidza makumi maviri nemana makumi mana emakumi mana emakoramu pane tarisisa kana terevhizheni (uchishandisa yakasarudzika radio frequency modulator), mutauri, uye inogona kusunganidzwa kukaseti kurekodha kana kurodha zvirongwa zvaisazove kusvika 24 apo floppy disk dhiraivha yaizoonekwa iyo yaizobvumira yakakura kumhanyisa uye yekuchengetedza kugona.
Yaivewo nemasere masere ekuwedzera makadhi ayo makadhi ese akagadzirwa aibvumira kumhanya kubva kune mamwe masisitimu anoshanda - kumwe kufungidzira kunotaura kuti muma8s hafu yemakomputa aishandisa CP / M aive Apple II aine Z80- makadhi ku batanidza ese marudzi enhepfenyuro, kusanganisira marabhoritari zviridzwa, kuburikidza neyekuwedzera zviyeuchidzo kana vhidhiyo makadhi ane zvirinani maficha pane akavakirwa-mukati.
Zvinotoshamisa kuti chikamu chepamusika cheApple chave pazasi pe10%, muma80 uye chikamu chema90 iyo Apple II yaive yeiyo chaiyo musika wezvekudzidzisa kuUS, uye yakabudirirawo zvakanyanya mubhizinesi renyika nekuda kweVisicalc, pepanhau rekutanga munhoroondo.
Yakanga iri mukugadzirwa kusvika Gumiguru 15, 1993, payakanyatsotsiviwa neMacintosh mushure mekutengesa pakati pemamirioni mashanu nematanhatu ematanho pakati pezvakasiyana-siyana, pasina munhu akatsunga kunyange kufungidzira kuti mangani mamwe mamirioni emakoni, zviri pamutemo kana kwete, ivo zvakatengeswa.
The Serie Apple II Yakaratidza kutanga kweakateedzana kugadzirwa kweApple uye iyo yakaunza mumusika microcomputer yakagadzirirwa naSteve Wozniak uye yakavakirwa pa8-bit dhizaini ine MOS 6502 processor iyo iyo yaitsvakwa kuti ipinde zvakadzika zvakanyanya muchikamu uye isvike kupfuura hobbyists. uye mainjiniya vaive vatenga iyo Apple I (yakagadzirwa nemaoko). Kufunga nezvekuunzwa kwekomputa mudzimba, dhizaini yaifungidzirwa kuti yaizotarisika senge mudziyo pane mudziyo wemagetsi wepamberi kuitira kuti isazokwezva vanhu muhofisi, mukamuri remwana, mukirasi kana mukirasi. Imba. Nedzidziso idzi dzekugadzira, iyo Apple II Yakaitwa mu beige plastiki chassis yaive nyore kubvisa uye iyo yaibvumidza kupinda mukati memuchina kuti ugone kuwedzerwa (kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo hunobatsira uye kuwedzera ramangwana mabhenefiti). Uye zvakare, sezvo yaifanirwa kunge iri yeese-terrain komputa, yaifanirwa kupa yakakwira resolution uye nemavara magirafu, kurira uye mukana wekuronga mumutauro weBASIC (pakutanga Integer BASIC uye gare gare Applesoft BASIC).
Sezvatakambotaura pakutanga, zvikamu zvekutanga zvakatengeswa munaJune 5, 77 uye yaisanganisira processor ye6502 1 MHz, 4 KB ye RAM, 12 KB yeROM inosanganisira Integer BASIC uye chinongedzo chemakaseti matepi. Iyo giraidhi inokwana yakaiswa pachiratidziro resolution yemitsetse makumi maviri nemana nemakumi mana emakoramu emusoro wemavara uye NTSC inoumbwa nevhidhiyo kuburitsa kuti ikwanise kubatanidza kuTV kana kuongorora, kunyangwe paive nevamwe vagadziri vakavhura kadhi yekuwedzera iyo yaibvumidza kuratidza makumi masere makoramu uye akatsigira akadzika.
Nemutengo wakadzora madhora chi1.298 4 enguva yacho mushanduro yayo ye2.638 KB ye RAM uye 48 madhora mushanduro yeXNUMX KB ye RAM, komputa yakasvika pamusika iyo yakabvumidza kuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza zvese zvirongwa uye data kubva kukaseti matepi eodhiyo, shanduko yemushandisi wekumba. Zvisinei, iyo Apple II haina kungoshandisa matepi yekuchengetedza iyo data kubvira, nguva pfupi yapfuura, yakavambwa pamusika yekunze disk dhiraivha (5,25 XNUMX) iyo yaive yakabatana neimwe yekomputa yekuwedzera chiteshi uye kuti, nhasi, maneja wayo achiri kutaridzirwa sechiyero munyika yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi.
Mutungamiriri uyu, akagadzirwa naWozniak, akaita kuiswa kwakasiyana pane kwaiwanzoshandiswa. Woz akasarudza GCR (Boka Kodhi Kurekodha) nekuti zvaive nyore kuita (uye nekudaro zvakachipa) pane MFM (Yakagadziriswa Frequency Modulation) Uye iyo yakavhura musuwo wevanogadzira kuti vaunze kudzivirirwa muzvirongwa zvavo nekushandura yakaderera-chikamu fomati yemadhisiki zvikamu kana nekufambisa musoro wekutyaira.
Asi chii chinonyanya kukosha nezvazvo Apple II ndiyo kuvhura dhizaini iyo iyo Wozniak yakasarudza uye kuiswa kweyekuwedzera slots iyo yaifambisa kusimudzira kwekuwedzeredzwa uye zvigadzirwa kwete chete neApple asiwo nemamwe makambani: serial port controllers, vhidhiyo makadhi, makadhi ekuwedzera, makadhi ezwi, akaomarara madhiraivha, ekuwedzera memori makadhi kana emulator makadhi (semuenzaniso CP / M) inobvumidzwa iyo Apple II inoenderana nechero kudiwa.
Asi iyo Apple II yakanga isiri yechimurenga chete nekuda kweayo maficha kana dhizaini yayo, kushambadzira nekutengesa Ivo vakaitawo yavo yekukara kutengesa kweichi muchina. Yekutanga kushambadzira yeApple II yakabuda muna Chikunguru 1977 mumagazini yeB Byte mune-peji mbiri chinyorwa ichiunza chigadzirwa uye ichiteverwa neyechitatu peji rine fomu reodha. Kubva ipapo vakasvetuka munaGunyana wegore rimwe chete kuenda kuScientific American uye, gare gare, zvisere zvisere zvekushambadzira zveTV zveiyo Aplle IIGS modhi yakanangana nezvakanakira mudziyo mukati memamiriro echikoro. Muna 1981, kambani yekushambadzira Chiat-Day yakatora account yeApple uye director director wayo, Rob Janoff, akauya neakarumwa apple logo, yaive pakutanga iri green olive. Asi Steve Jobs aida kuratidza kugona kweApple II kugadzirisa mavara egiraidhi uye aida kuti logo iratidzike mumavara eiyo muraraungu, mufananidzo wakajeka wakagadzirwa kuve kushambadzira uye bhurocha.
Kubva kutanga kwekutengesa kweiyo Apple II, Steve Jobs akanyatso tarisa kune chigadzirwa kurongedza uye maonero avo akashanda segwara rekugadzira mharidzo yeApple II iyo, chaizvo, haina kunyanyo kusiyana nezviri kushandiswa nhasi: bhokisi mune iro chena chena rinotungamira uye mune iro logo yeapuro yakarumwa inomira, munguva iyoyo nemavara eu murarabungu uye mavakashandisa iyo Motter Tekkura typeface kusvikira, muma80s, vatendeukira kuna Apple Garamond.
El Apple II Yaive yekutanga komputa iyo vatengi vaiziva nekutenda kushambadziro mupepanhau kana TV uye kuti, pamusoro pezvo, yakaiswa muzvikoro uye yaive nemutengo unodhura zvine mwero, saka inogona kutengwa pamusha. Nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwayo, yakawedzera musika wemitambo yemakomputa (yekutanga vhezheni yemutambo Carmen Sandiego akahwanda kupi? Kubva 1985, yakatanga kuburitswa yeApple II), iyo yesoftware yekudzidzisa uye, pamusoro pezvose, yakapinda yakazara mune bhizinesi chikamu nekutenda ku yekutanga spreadsheet kunyorera: VisiCalc.
Asi, pamusoro pezvikamu izvi pamwe neizvo zvevanogadzira zvigadzirwa, Apple II yakave nesimba rakakura kubazi rezvemumba nekuti yakaita kuti mamwe maindasitiri aite uye akavaratidza kugona kwekutengesa muchikamu ichocho. Iyo Apple II yakateverwa nemakomputa emutengo wakaderera seVIC-20 (1980), IBM PC (1981) kana iyo Commodore 64 (1982).
Apple II Uyezve
Muna 1979 iyo Apple II Uyezve, iyo yaisanganisira iyo Applesoft BASIC mitauro yemitauro muROM, yakanyorwa neMicrosoft, uye yaimbovepo sekuwedzera. Applesoft BASIC yakawedzera tsigiro yenzvimbo dzinoyangarara masvomhu asi yakabaira zviyero zvekumhanya mukuita. Iyo Apple II Plus yaive pakati pe16 ne48 KB ye RAM, yakawedzera kusvika ku64 KB kuburikidza nekadhi remutauro iro raibvumidza vashandisi kukurumidza kuchinjika pakati pezvikamu zveBASIC INT (Integer) uye FP. »(Applesoft), asi ichiparadza chero zvirongwa zvisina kuchengetedzwa mu maitiro. Kuwedzerwa kwe kadhi remutauro iyo zvakare yaibvumidza kushandiswa kweUCSD Pascal uye FORTRAN 77 makomputa akaburitswa Apple panguva iyoyo.
