Kuninzi ebhaliweyo kwezi nyanga malunga nobomi bakhe kunye nomlinganiswa, egcwele i-chiaroscuro, kodwa into ekungekho mntu unokuyikhanyela yimpembelelo ethe ngqo yokuba izimvo zakhe zisendleleni apho sonke sinxibelelana namhlanje netekhnoloji, umculo okanye iimovie. Yintoni ongayikholelwayo? Ubaxa? zama ukufunda uze uthathe isigqibo.
1. Ikhompyutha yokuqala yobuqu: IMacintosh
Ekuqaleni kuka-1979, u-Apple wayekhule eyinkampani eqinileyo elungiselela ukuya esidlangalaleni. I-Apple II, uguquko lwayo ikhompyuter yokuqala eyakhelwe nguMsebenzi kunye noWozniak kwigaraji, yayiyimpumelelo enkulu kwintengiso, kwaye ixabiso lenkampani kungekudala liza kunyuka liye kwi-1.790 yezigidigidi zeedola. Nangona kunjalo, kwikomkhulu laseCupertino bekukho izizathu zokukhathazeka. I-Apple III, indawo yayo yendalo, ibimele i-fiasco iyonke kwaye iprojekthi entsha kaLisa ibonakala ngathi iyafana.
USteve Jobs waqala ukungakhathali. Wayefuna ukwenza into "engenangqondo epholileyo" kunye nemveliso yotshintsho eya kuthi ikhuphe amanapkeni kumzi mveliso wekhompyuter (iikhompyuter zosuku zazingafane zibonise imigca yekhowudi kwiscreen esiluhlaza kwaye inikwe amandla yimithetho enzima). Kungelo xesha ke apho wabeka umbono wakhe kwiPalo Alto Research Centre, eyinkampani yeXerox. Ikamva lobudala bedijithali njengoko silazi namhlanje (ujongano lomzobo womsebenzisi, isuntswana lesikrini se-bitmap, idesktop enefestile, imouse…) yayiqala ukwakheka kule labhoratri yemibono kwaye imisebenzi yayiqonda. Kwinto ethathelwe ingqalelo njengeyona heist inkulu kwezembali, wabetha isivumelwano nabaphathi beXerox ukumvumela ukuba ajonge okwenzekayo apho ukuze atshintshe isitokhwe seApple.
Ukungena kwakhe kwezi zixhobo ngoDisemba 1979 kunye nabantu abesebenzisana naye, into awayibonayo ngaphakathi yamshiya emangalisiwe. Yiloo nto kanye awayeyifuna. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, iMacintosh yaziswa eluntwini, yikhompyuter yokuqala yokwenyani. Ngo-1984 ngekhe uphinde ube ngo-1984.
Ikhompyuter yokuqala yoBuntu: IMacintosh
2. Uyilo, uyilo, uyilo
Imisebenzi yaqondwa kwasekuqaleni ukuba uyilo ngononophelo kwihlabathi leetekhnoloji elingenaxhala malunga nemilo yokugqibela yeemveliso zabo ziya kunika inkampani uphawu olwahlukileyo. Ngothuselo lweenjineli zakhe, wanyanzelisa ukuba neendawo zesixhobo esingabonakaliyo, njengebhodi yomama iMacintosh, kufanelekile ukuba zintle. "Umenzi wekhabhathi akasebenzisi iinkuni ezimbi ngasemva kwetyala lokubonisa." Inzala yakhe yadlulela ngaphaya kokwenza izinto ezinomtsalane. “Uninzi lwenza impazamo yokucinga ukuba uyilo luyinto ebonakala injalo. Uyilo yindlela esebenza ngayo into, utshilo.
Imisebenzi yayiyeyokuqala ukuqonda ukuba itekhnoloji kufanele ukuba ibe lula ukuyiqonda, inomdla kwaye intle, kwaye sele incwadana yokuqala ka-Apple ibinzana eliye laba yimantra kwinkampani: "Ukulula yinto ephucukileyo." USteve wasebenzisa le filosofi kuzo zonke iinkcukacha, nokuba zincinci kangakanani, ukusuka ekupakisheni iimveliso ukuya kuyilo lwevenkile. Olu thando lwaluyintloko yokwenyani kubasebenzi bakhe (njengosuku apho, kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokumiliselwa kwe-iPhone, wagqiba kwelokuba aliguqule ngokupheleleyo ityala lakhe). Ngamanye amaxesha, yayifikelela kwiparoxysm yobuyatha. Xa umntu owayesebenza naye kunye nomyili we-Apple, uJonathan Ive, wazisa ngesindululo sakhe sokutywina i-iPhone 4 ngesiqwenga sesinyithi, u-Jobs wayechulumancile ngombono wokuba angazihoyi iinjineli ezazimlumkisile ukuba uya kunika iingxaki zokugubungela. Uyazi: "Asifezekanga, kwaye kanjalo neefowuni."
Uyilo, uyilo, uyilo
3. oopopayi Digital
Ngasekupheleni kuka-1985, imisebenzi yasuswa kubongameli be-Apple nakuso nasiphi na isikhundla solawulo kwinkampani yiBhodi yaBalawuli. Ke wazifumana esezitratweni, enexesha elininzi lasimahla kunye ne-100 yezigidi epokothweni. Usungule eyakhe i-supercomputer, NEXT, kodwa le projekthi ibiyintsilelo elusizi. Ngelo xesha, uGeorge Lucas, esindwa ngumtshato wakhe, wayefuna ukususa icandelo likaLucasfilm ledijithali. Imisebenzi uyithenge kuye ngezigidi ezintlanu zeedola ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa izixhobo kunye nesoftware. Kodwa kungekudala wayiqonda impazamo yakhe: ubutyebi bokwenyani benkampani encinci ebizwa ngokuba nguPstrong yayingenguwo umsebenzi weenjineli zayo, kodwa yitalente yeqela layo labadlali, elikhokelwa nguJohn Lasseter. UPstrong wafikelela kwisivumelwano neDisney kwaye, ngoNovemba 1995, ibali leToyi lakhutshwa. Ifilimu yafumana i-362 yezigidi zeerandi.
Ibali lethoyi
4. Ukusuka kwi-iPod ukuya kwi-iTunes
Xa uSteve Jobs wabuyela e-Apple ngo-1997, inkampani yayiqhekeka kwaye imarike yeekhompyuter zabantu yayihlupheka. Imisebenzi yasebenza nzima-ngoncedo lukaJony Ive-ukuvuselela lonke uluhlu lweekhompyuter, kunye neemveliso ezinomtsalane njengeMac. Kodwa waqonda ukuba bonke oomatshini abahle ngekhe babe nekamva ukuba abayi kuba liziko elitsha apho bonke abathengi bedijithali bazonwabisa. Ngaloo ndlela kwazalwa iinkqubo ezifana neMovie, iPhoto, iDVD kwaye, ekugqibeleni, iTunes.
Iphupha lemisebenzi, nangona kunjalo, laqhubeka: yayikukudala indawo evaliweyo apho wayenokulawula khona i-100% yamava omsebenzisi. Uye wavelisa esakhe isidlali somculo, i-iPod, isixhobo esenza umenzi wekhompyuter yeyona nkampani yeetekhnoloji enexabiso kakhulu emhlabeni. Impumelelo ye-iPod ilele kuyilo lwayo oluhle, amandla ayo-anele iingoma eziliwaka- kunye nesixhobo sayo esilula somsebenzi (kwimisebenzi enzima bekukho i-iTunes).
Ukuvala isangqa, imisebenzi yabetha iinkampani ezinkulu zokurekhoda kwaye wasungula ivenkile yakhe yomculo, iVenkile yeTunes, apho nawuphi na umsebenzisi anokukhuphela iingoma nge $ 0,99. Kuyatshiwo ukuba intloko yophuhliso lweWindows, yakukubona, yabhala i-imeyile kubaphathi bayo abane ngesigwebo esinye: "Sikhutshiwe."
Ukusuka kwi-iPod ukuya kwi-iTunes
5. I-iPhone
Ngo-2005, i-iPod yabalelwa kwi-45% yengeniso ye-Apple. Imisebenzi ixhalabile ukuba ezo ntengiso zinokuwa phantsi xa abenzi beeselfowuni bebandakanya abadlali bomculo kweso sixhobo, njengoko besele besenza ngeekhamera zedijithali. Ke, emva komzamo ongaphumelelanga wokusebenzisana ne-Motorola, isiphelo sakhe sacaca: "Kufuneka sizenzele ngokwethu." Iscreen sokuchukumisa, njengoko sisazi, yayingengokhetho lokuqala. Ngokwahlukileyo, iprototype yokuqala yaqhutywa kwivili le-iPod yakudala. Kulapho uJonathan Ive weza nombono onokutshintsha ii-smartphones ngonaphakade. Iqela lakhe liphuhlise isixhobo sokuchukumisa izinto ezininzi seMacBook Pro trackpad enokuthi ilingane nethebhulethi (ye-iPad ezayo), nangona kungekho mntu wayeqinisekile ukuba izakusebenzela ifowuni. Imisebenzi yayonwabile malunga nokuyisebenzisa, kwaye emva kweenyanga ezintandathu esebenza kuzo zombini iiprototypes phantsi kwegama lekhowudi i-P1 kunye ne-P2, wabiza abahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo ukuba bathathe isigqibo. Esalatha kwiscreen sokuchukumisa, wathi, "Sonke siyazi ukuba le yinguqulelo esifuna ukuyenza, ke masiyenze isebenze." Ukujija i-curl, i-Jobs-Ive duo igqibe kwelokuba yenziwe ngeglasi. Kwakukho inkampani enye kuphela eyayinokwakha iglasi eyomeleleyo njengoko i-iPhone yayifuneka, i-Gorilla Glass, kodwa yayingazange yenziwe ngobuninzi. USteve, esebenzisa uphawu lwentengiso lwenyani yokugqwetha, wabaqinisekisa ukuba baya kuba nayo kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Wayenyanisile. Emva komdyarho ngokuchasene nexesha, i-iPhone yatyhilwa kwinkomfa yeMacWorld ka-2007 eSan Francisco. "Namhlanje siza kubonisa iimveliso ezintathu zenguqu," waqala umsebenzi. "Isikrini esibanzi se-iPod esine-touch control, ifowuni eguqukayo kunye nesixhobo esilandelayo sonxibelelwano se-intanethi." Emva kokunqumama kakhulu, wabuza, 'Uyaqonda? Ayizizixhobo ezizimeleyo ezintathu, sisixhobo esinye kwaye siza kuyibiza ngokuba yi-iPhone. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, i-iPhone yayingena phantse izinto ezintsha, kodwa yayiyeyona fowuni intle kakhulu, inokusetyenziswa kwaye isebenziseka lula. Into yomnqweno. Uninzi luqikelele ukuba ixabiso leedola ezingama-500 liya kuthintela impumelelo yalo (kubandakanya iBill Gates). Kwiminyaka emithathu, iiyunithi ezingama-90 ezigidi zazisele zithengisiwe.
IPhone
6. Ii-APP
Olunye uphawu oluphambili lwe-iPhone yayikukuba - enkosi kubasebenzisi bayo, iMac OS X yayo enamandla kunye nenani elikhulu lememori- ivumela ukukhuphela iinkqubo ezincinci kunye nokuzonwabisa, ulwazi okanye izixhobo zomsebenzi ukuzongeza kwezo sele zikhona kwifowuni. . I-Apple yababhaptizela iiNkqubo.
Njengoko yayenzile ngeshishini lomculo, inkampani yaseCalifornia yakhetha ukuthengisa ezi zicelo ngqo kumsebenzisi, ezenziwe ngamawaka abaphuhlisi kwihlabathi liphela, emva koko zabela ipesenti yenzuzo phakathi kwabaqambi bazo.
Kumzekelo wokufuna kukaSteve Jobs ulawulo, wabeka usasazeko lwasekhaya kwivenkile eyenziwe yedwa kwi-iTunes ngoJulayi ka-2008, kwiVenkile ye App. Ngale ndlela, inokuqinisekisa umgangatho weeapps, iqinisekise ukuba nganye nganye isebenzise amandla apheleleyo kwisoftware ye-iPhone kwaye, apho kufanelekileyo, ihlolisise abo umxholo wabo ubukhubekisa (kubandakanya zonke ezo zinto zibandakanya iphonografi) .
I-iPad inyuse kuphela amanani okuthengisa ngokucacileyo. Phakathi ku-2011, kwakusele kukho izicelo ezingama-425.000 kwiVenkile yeTunes yezi zixhobo zombini (namhlanje zidlula kwisiqingatha sesigidi) kwaye bekukho ukhuphelo lwezigidi ezili-14.000. Ivenkile yeeVenkile yenza ishishini eliphumayo ngaphandle komoya omncinci. Amawakawaka osomashishini kwihlabathi liphela azimisele ukwenza izicelo zabo, iifemu zorhwebo zakha imali yotyalo-mali enikezelwe ukuxhasa izimvo ezintsha, kwaye abapapashi bemagazini kunye nabapapashi beencwadi bamkela itekhnoloji entsha njengoko iinkampani zerekhodi zazenzile kwiminyaka edlulileyo kunye nevenkile. Yongeza uhambe ...
Ivenkile yosetyenziso
7. IPad
Ukufuduka okuqhubekekayo kwekhompyuter yesiqhelo ngezinye izixhobo eziphathwayo kukhokelele ekubeni uSteve Jobs acinge ngokuphuhlisa incwadi yenethiwekhi ekuqaleni kuka-2003. U-Jonathan Ive, nangona kunjalo, wamqinisekisa ukuba asungule isixhobo esikhaphukhaphu esinokusetyenziswa ngesandla esinye kwaye esidibanisa ikhibhodi ibe isikrini esikhulu sokuchukumisa amaninzi. Iprojekthi iyekile ukubeka phambili i-iPhone, kodwa ukuphela kuka-2007 umbono uphinde wabuya kwaye iqela lonke le-Apple lasebenza kwithebhulethi esebenza ngaphandle kwesitayile. Xa yayityhilwa ngoJanuwari 2010, ihype enkulu eyathi yaveliswa igajethi entsha yajika yaba kukudana.
I-iPad, ekugqibeleni, yayiqwalaselwe njengenkqubo evaliweyo engavumeli nokuba umsebenzisi aqhagamshele intonga ye-USB. Ngokungafaniyo neMacintosh, ibingumfundi wokuqukethwe kunomatshini wobuchule. Kwaye, ngenxa yengxabano yakudala phakathi kweMisebenzi kunye neAdobe, khange ayifunde iflash.
Ezinye iintatheli ezikhethekileyo zide zathetha nge-iPhone edumbileyo ene-steroids. Okwangoku, iApple ithengise iPads yesigidi kwinyanga yokuqala yokuthengisa. Impumelelo yethebhulethi engazange ibonwe yenza ukuba ibe ngumgangatho omtsha weshishini kwaye ibeke inkampani yaseCalifornia kwakhona, phambi kwalo lonke ukhuphiswano lwayo. Ibarrage yeeapps ezintsha eziyilelwe i-iPad, kubandakanya neenguqulelo zamaphephandaba amakhulu, iimagazini kunye neencwadi, zaye zabenza abanye. Kwiinyanga ezilithoba kamva, ukuthengisa sele kufikelele kwizigidi ezili-15. UKumkani uMidas wayelungile kwakhona, kwaye abagxeki bakhe, kwakhona, baphoqeleka ukuba bahambe ngehupula.
