El U-Apple Lisa Kwakuyikhompyutha yomuntu siqu eguqukayo eyenzelwe i-Apple Computer phakathi nawo-1980s
Iphrojekthi kaLisa yaqalwa e-Apple ngo-1978 futhi yavela kancane kancane yakha ikhompiyutha enamandla enamandla ene-graphical interface yomsebenzisi (i-GUI). Ikhompyutha kaLisa bekufanele iqondiswe kumakhasimende ebhizinisi. Cishe ngonyaka we-1982, ngenxa yokungaboni ngaso linye noJohn Couch owayengumphathi wephrojekthi, uSteve Jobs waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye iphrojekthi kaLisa, ngakho wajoyina iphrojekthi yeMacintosh. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, iMacintosh akuyona inzalo kaLisa ngqo, yize kunokufana okusobala phakathi kwezinhlelo, nokubuyekezwa kokugcina, uLisa 2/10, kwaguqulwa futhi kwathengiswa njengeMacintosh XL.
I-Etymology
Ngenkathi imibhalo eyayigcwele uLisa wasekuqaleni yayimbiza ngokuthi ULisa (I-Lisa), ngokusemthethweni, i-Apple ikhombise ukuthi igama laliyisichazamazwi sika Lwendawo Iokunensa Simininingwane Aukwakheka (Ukwakhiwa Kwesoftware Ehlanganisiwe).
Njengoba indodakazi yokuqala kaSteve Jobs, eyazalwa ngo-1978, yabizwa ngoLisa Jobs, kuvame ukulandela ukuthi leli gama lalinenhlangano yomuntu siqu futhi mhlawumbe igama elifinyeziwe laqanjwa kamuva ukuze lilingane negama.
Hardware
ILisa yethulwa ngoJanuwari 1983 (yamenyezelwa ngoJanuwari 19) ngemali engu- $ 9.995. Kwakuyikhompyutha yomuntu siqu yokuqala yezentengiselwano ukuba ne-GUI negundane (ngemuva kweXerox Star). Isebenzise i-Motorola 68000 CPU enejubane lewashi elingu-5 MHz futhi ine-1 MB ye-RAM. ULisa wokuqala wayenamadrayivu amabili we-floppy amabili angu-5,25-intshi (aqanjwe ngegama elithi "Twiggy" drive). Babenamandla alinganiselwa kuma-kilobytes angama-871, kepha adinga ama-diskette akhethekile. La madrayivu abedume ngokungathembeki, ngakho-ke i-Apple Macintosh, ekuqaleni eyayenzelwe ukusebenzisa i- "Twiggy" elula, yaguqulwa ukuze isebenzise i-Sony 400k microfloppy drive ngoJanuwari 1984. Idrayivu yangaphandle yayitholakala njengenye indlela. 5 MB Apple Profile i-hard drive, eyenzelwe ekuqaleni i-Apple III. Imodeli yakamuva, Lisa 2, isebenzise idrayivu yediski eyodwa engu-3,5-intshi futhi, ngokuzikhethela, ama-hard drive wangaphakathi ayi-5 noma angu-10 MB. Ngo-1984, ngasikhathi sinye lapho iMacintosh yethulwa khona ngokusemthethweni, abakwa-Apple bamemezela ukuthi bahlinzeka ngokuvuselelwa kwamahhala kuma-hard drive ama-5 MB kubo bonke abanikazi bakaLisa 1.
Software
AbakwaLisa banikeze ngohlelo olusebenzisanayo lwemisebenzi eminingi, hhayi okukhethwayo (lokho bekungalawulwa ngendlela efanele). Iphinde yanikela ngememori ebonakalayo. Lezi zici ezimbili zazithuthuke kakhulu nge-microcomputer ngaleso sikhathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwememori ebonakalayo kanye nohlelo lwediski oluhamba kancane, kwesinye isikhathi, lwenze ukuthi uhlelo lubonakale lungenzi lutho. AbakwaLisa bahlela namafayela abo ezinkomba zezigaba, besebenzisa amadrayivu amakhulu asebenzayo. IMacintosh iphinde yamukela le dizayini yenhlangano yediski yohlelo lwayo lwefayela le-HFS. Ngokomqondo, uLisa wayefana neXerox Star ngoba yayihloselwe uhlelo lwekhompiyutha lwehhovisi, ngenxa yalokho, uLisa wayenezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zomsebenzisi: Isistimu yeLisa Office (Uhlelo lukaLisa lweHhovisi) kanye neWorkshop (Workshop). I- Isistimu yeLisa Office kwakuyimvelo ye-GUI yabasebenzisi bokugcina. IWorkshop ibiyindawo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo futhi ibicishe isuselwe ngokuphelele emibhalweni, yize ibisebenzisa isihleli sombhalo se-GUI. I- Isistimu yeLisa Office ekugcineni yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "7/7", maqondana nezinhlelo zokufaka izicelo eziyisikhombisa ezinikeziwe.
Ukwehluleka kuka-Apple Lisa
I-Apple Lisa yaba ukwehluleka kwezentengiselwano kwe-Apple, enkulu kunazo zonke kusukela ngenhlekelele ye-Apple III yango-1980. Amakhasimende ebhizinisi (ama-computing) uLisa ayehlose ukumelana nentengo ephezulu yekhompyutha futhi Bakhetha kakhulu ukusebenza nama-IBM PC angabizi kakhulu. , ezazivele ziqala ukubusa imakethe yekhompyutha yedeskithophu ebhizinisini. Ikhasimende elikhulu likaLisa kwakunguNASA, elalisebenzisa iLisaProject ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi futhi langena enkingeni enkulu lapho uLisa emiswa. ILisa ibuye yabonakala ihamba kancane naphezu kokubonakala kwayo okusha. Isipikili ebhokisini likaLisa kwaba ukwethulwa kweMacintosh ngo-1984, okwasiza ukudicilela phansi uLisa kwazise iMacintosh nayo yayine-GUI negundane kodwa yayingabizi kakhulu. AbakwaLisa, njengemikhiqizo eminingi, babeyisisulu sokuba phambili kakhulu kwesikhathi sayo. Ngaphambi kokuba ulayini kaLisa unqanyulwe ngo-Agasti 1986, kukhishwe amamodeli amabili okugcina, uLisa 2 nalokho okuthiwa yiMacintosh XL.
Ngesikhathi lapho ama-kilobyte angu-96 we-RAM athathwa njengokwedlulele, intengo enkulu kaLisa ngakho-ke ukwehluleka kwayo ukuhweba kungabangelwa inani elikhulu le-RAM uhlelo eza nalo. Khumbula ukuthi i-1 MB ye-RAM-ke, yabiza cishe ama-dollar ayi-5.000 10.000, uhhafu walokho okwabiza uLisa (ama-dollar ayi-1990). Amakhompiyutha amaningi aqala ukuvela nge-RAM eyodwa esayizi-megabyte ekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX.
Ukubaluleka komlando
Yize ukwehluleka kwezohwebo ngesikhathi sakhe, uLisa ubonakala njengempumelelo ephawulekayo. Yize kubiza kakhulu futhi kunqunyelwe emadeskini ngamanye, bekukhona isikhathi lapho bekubonakala sengathi cishe zonke izinhlangano ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi, kuwo wonke amahhovisi amakhulu, zineLisas eyodwa noma amabili abelana ngawo. Ukusebenza kukaLisa bekukubi futhi nesoftware inesilinganiso esilinganiselwe, noma kunjalo, lokho ekwenzile, kusebenze kahle kakhulu. Usebenzisa isoftware kaLisa kanye nephrinta ye-Apple dot matrix ungabhala amanye amadokhumende ngokuqedela okuthe xaxa ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Le nzuzo yaholela uLisa emahhovisi amaningi amakhulu, yize inani lalilinganisela inani lamaLisas angathengwa. Njengoba inani labantu ababesebenzise uLisa lalilikhulu kakhulu kunenani labakwaLisas abathengisiwe, lokhu kwakusho ukuthi ngenkathi iMacintosh enentengo ephansi ifika, kwakukhona iqembu labantu elaziwayo elalivele liqinisekile ngezinzuzo zomshini ofana ULisa
Ukuphela kukaLisa
Ngo-1987, abakwaSun Remarketing bathenga cishe ama-5.000 XNUMX ama-Macintosh XL futhi bawathuthukisa. Amanye amakhompyutha kaLisa asele nezingxenye ezishintshayo asatholakala nanamuhla.
Ngo-1989, u-Apple wangcwaba ama-Lisas angaba ngu-2.700 XNUMX endaweni yokulahla udoti e-UTAH futhi wathola ukukhokhiswa intela endaweni ababeyiqashele yona.
Njengamanye amakhompyutha we-GUI okuqala, ama-Lisas, asasetshenziswa, manje abaluleke kakhulu njengezinto eziqoqekayo, abantu abazokhokha ngazo amakhulu amadola.
